{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:15:55Z","timestamp":1780467355835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pitt Seed Project"},{"name":"UPMC Clinical Translational Science Institute PinCh Award"},{"name":"The Beckwith Institute"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Center for Medical Innovation"},{"name":"The 25 Club of Pittsburgh"},{"name":"RK Mellon Foundation"},{"name":"The Pediatric Device Initiative Seed Funding"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000933","name":"Hearst Foundations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fetal aqueductal stenosis (AS) is one of the most common causes of congenital hydrocephalus, which increases intracranial pressure due to partial or complete obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within the ventricular system. Approximately 2\u20134 infants per 10,000 births develop AS, which leads to progressive hydrocephalus, which enlarges the head often necessitating delivery by cesarean section. Most babies born with AS are severely neurologically impaired and experience a lifetime of disability. Therefore, a new device technology for venticuloamniotic shunting is urgently needed and has been studied to ameliorate or prevent fetal hydrocephalus development, which can provide a significant impact on patients and their family\u2019s quality of life and on the decrease of the healthcare dollars spent for the treatment. This study has successfully validated the design of shunt devices and demonstrated the mechanical performance and valve functions. A functional prototype shunt has been fabricated and subsequently used in multiple in vitro tests to demonstrate the performance of this newly developed ventriculoamniotic shunt. The shunt contains a main silicone-nitinol composite tube, a superelastic 90\u00b0 angled dual dumbbell anchor, and an ePTFE valve encased by a stainless-steel cage. The anchor will change its diameter from 1.15\u00a0mm (collapsed state) to 2.75\u00a0mm (deployed state) showing up to 1.4-fold diameter change in human body temperature. Flow rates in shunts were quantified to demonstrate the valve function in low flow rates mimicking the fetal hydrocephalus condition showing \u201cno backflow\u201d for the valved shunt while there is up to 15\u00a0mL\/h flow through the shunt with pressure difference of 20\u00a0Pa. In vivo ovine study results show the initial successful device delivery and flow drainage with sheep model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282221125309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T11:50:07Z","timestamp":1662378607000},"page":"1423-1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["In vitro and in vivo assessment of a novel ultra-flexible ventriculoamniotic shunt for treating fetal hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Stephen P","family":"Emery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, 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