{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T06:03:42Z","timestamp":1777788222079,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In sol-gel glass chemistry, the pH of the sol directly influences the rate of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions, leading to changes in the glass\u2019s structural properties and potentially altering its function as a biomaterial. This research used various acidic pH values, 2, 3, 3.65, 5, and 5.65, to create sol-gel bioactive glass with a 45SiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -14.5NaO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    -14.5CaO-6P\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub>\n                    -10ZnO-5CuO-5CoO mol% composition. A pH of 2 allowed for increased surface area, 26.23\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, and cumulative surface area of pores, 34.78\u00a0m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/g, compared to the other pH values used. Raman spectroscopy highlighted variances in the intensity of Q\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Q\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    species, with a pH of 2 and 3.65 having a higher intensity of Q\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    species. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) revealed that the concentration of Cu\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions released from the glass network in simulated body fluid (SBF) was the highest after 1000\u00a0h of incubation for the pH 3.65 glass, 100\u00a0mg\/L, which translated to the most significant inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    after 48\u00a0h of contact. Elemental, thermal, and structural analysis using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction was also performed, with no discernible relationship found between changing the pH of the sol used to synthesize these glasses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282251386622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T18:59:08Z","timestamp":1759949948000},"page":"987-1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Altering the pH during sol-gel synthesis of bioactive glass particles and its effect on structural and antibacterial properties"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6333-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle L.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfred 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