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In this context, keratin derived from human hair has attracted increasing attention due to its inherent biocompatibility and cysteine-rich structure, which provides reactive thiol (\u2013SH) groups suitable for chemical modification. In the present study, reductively extracted keratin was utilized to preserve thiol functionality, enabling site-selective modification via thiol\u2013maleimide chemistry using an aminoethyl maleimide (AEM) linker. Through this approach, heparin, a clinically established anticoagulant, was immobilized onto keratin films under mild aqueous conditions. The resulting keratin\u2013heparin films exhibited effective suppression of thrombin-induced coagulation, whereas unmodified keratin showed no anticoagulant activity. Furthermore, spectroscopic and colorimetric analyses confirmed successful heparin conjugation and surface presentation, and no measurable heparin release was detected, indicating stable surface immobilization. Overall, these results demonstrate that thiol-specific functionalization provides a selective, stable, and animal-free platform for anticoagulant surface modification, highlighting the potential of keratin-based materials for blood-contacting biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282261460783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T17:05:12Z","timestamp":1781111112000},"page":"700-718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface modification of keratin films via thiol\u2013maleimide chemistry toward enhanced anticoagulant response"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9547-711X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Sawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Seikei College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiya","family":"Fujisato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8493529"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b811392k"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr000108x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt874"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.20871"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(98)00017-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(11)70058-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31816c5bc3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.22486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.30096"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma3031863"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"148","article-title":"Collagen-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery","volume":"74","author":"Ueda H","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ueda H, Hong L, Yamamoto M, et al. 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