{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:46:05Z","timestamp":1791834365763,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791504000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project of the Joint Fund of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["2026AFC1006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026AFC1006"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018583","name":"Wuhan Science and Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023020201020551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023020201020551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018583","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Biomater Appl"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Graphene oxide (GO) promotes cell adhesion and chondrogenic differentiation, while thermosensitive hydrogels enable injectable and in situ gelling for minimally invasive repair. This study prepared a GO\/thermosensitive block copolymer (PEP) composite hydrogel and evaluated its effects on nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) behavior and intervertebral disc regeneration. GO was synthesized by a modified Hummers method and PEP by atom transfer radical polymerization. GO\/PEP hydrogels with varying GO concentrations (0\u20131.0\u00a0mg\/mL) were formulated. NPCs isolated from rat coccygeal discs were treated with GO\/PEP extracts; cell proliferation was assessed by CCK_8 and viability by Calcein_AM\/PI staining. In vivo, a mouse tail puncture_induced intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) model was established. Mice were randomized into sham, PBS_treated IDD, and GO\/PEP_treated IDD groups (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8\/group). At 4 and 8\u00a0weeks post_injection, disc tissues were harvested for histology and NPC counting. GO\/PEP extracts dose_dependently reduced NPC mortality (significant at GO \u22650.1\u00a0mg\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) and increased NPC proliferation (significant at GO \u22650.2\u00a0mg\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01). In the IDD model at 4 weeks, NPC count in the IDD + PBS group (103 \u00b1 15.34) was significantly lower than in the sham group (675 \u00b1 12.75,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). The GO\/PEP group showed increased NPC count at 4 weeks (337 \u00b1 21.47,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01 vs sham) and further recovery at 8 weeks (665 \u00b1 14.58, not significantly different from sham,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). Histological analysis revealed restored annulus fibrosus integrity, even NPC distribution, reduced central cavity, and enhanced proteoglycan recovery. In conclusion, the GO\/PEP thermosensitive hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and injectability, inhibits NPC apoptosis, promotes proliferation, and restores degenerated disc structure, offering a promising cell_free, minimally invasive strategy for IDD treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08853282261490031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:28:59Z","timestamp":1791556139000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Experimental study of graphene oxide\/hydrogel composite promoting intervertebral disc regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2118-8428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Fourth Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Fourth Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Fourth Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Fourth Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jianghan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Fourth Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00733-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062135"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.766087"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels10010062"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.70059"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2572310"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114066"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TB01191D"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11070544"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8070454"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c00965"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251810174"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17081088"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01516-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36143"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","volume-title":"FTIR spectra of graphene oxide","author":"Andre S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andre S. FTIR spectra of graphene oxide. Mendeley Data, V1, 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17632\/4j2hxyrcf6.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33456-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.894651"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34541"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-022-00422-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings15071082"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3NR06033K"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b07311"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2023-0129"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR02927D"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","first-page":"1236","article-title":"Enhanced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by self-assembled peptide hydrogel functionalized with glutamic acid templated peptides","volume":"14","author":"Onak G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Onak G, G\u00f6kmen O, Yaral\u0131 ZB, et al. Enhanced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by self-assembled peptide hydrogel functionalized with glutamic acid templated peptides. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14: 1236\u20131249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/term.3095","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD signaling maintains nucleus pulposus stem cell quiescence to protect against oxidative injury in intervertebral disc degeneration","author":"Chen Q","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen Q, Chen X, Yang Q, et al. TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD signaling maintains nucleus pulposus stem cell quiescence to protect against oxidative injury in intervertebral disc degeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2026, (in press).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c06892"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2025.101041"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2017.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2022.100336"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8040246"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2020.17364"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-019-01294-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM01963A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomaterials Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282261490031","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08853282261490031","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08853282261490031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1791831673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08853282261490031"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08853282261490031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08853282261490031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-3282","1530-8022"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-3282","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8022","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"article-number":"08853282261490031"}}