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Prior psychological abuse was reported by most (80%) of the women, and rarely did physical aggression occur in the absence of psychological abuse. Men with a history of extrafamilial criminality and substance abuse were more likely to engage in psychological abuse, while demographic characteristics of the offenders showed little relationship to the use of these emotionally abusive tactics. Additional analyses suggested that psychological abuse, independent of physical aggression, was related to victims' perceived threat and plans to leave the relationship. These findings indicate the need for evaluation of psychological abuse, independent of physical abuse, to understand its impact on victims.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503253878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,4]],"date-time":"2003-08-04T19:13:31Z","timestamp":1060024411000},"page":"857-871","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Prevalence and Characteristics of Psychological Abuse Reported by Court-Involved Battered Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kris","family":"Henning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Portland State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Klesges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531967"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.55"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Arias, I., Street, A. E. & Brody, G. H. (1996, September). Depression and alcohol abuse: Women's responses to psychological victimization. Paper presented at the American Psychological Association's National Conference on Psychosocial and Behavioral Factors in Women's Health: Research, Prevention, Treatment, and Service Delivery in Clinical and Community Settings, Washington, DC."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021906825073"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801297003003004"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.89"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00978514"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Ganley, A. L. (1989). Integrating feminist and social learning analyses of aggression: Creating multiple models for intervention with men who batter. In L. Caesar & K. Hamberger (Eds.), Treating men who batter: Theory, practice, and programs (pp. 196-235). New York: Springer."},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.116.3.476"},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Kantor, G. & Straus, M. (1990). Response of victims and the police to assaults on wives. In M. Straus & R. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families (pp. 473-487). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishing."},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Lawrence, E. & Bradbury, T. (1995, November). Longitudinal course of physically aggressive and nonaggressive newlywed marriages. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Washington, DC."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.69"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murphy, C. M. & Cascardi, M. (1999). Psychological abusein marriage and dating relationships. In R. L. Hampton (Ed.), Family violence: Prevention and treatment (2nd ed., pp. 198-226). 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