{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:29:58Z","timestamp":1777854598393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reports an evaluation of a community intellectual disability offender service over the period from 1990 to 2001. Men who committed sex offenses or sexually abusive incidents (n = 106) and men who committed other types of offenses and serious incidents (n = 78) are compared on personal characteristics, referral sources, forensic details, and outcome up to 7 years after referral. The cohorts are older than one would expect from the criminology literature, and, at about 33%, the incidence of mental illness is consistent with some previous studies. A greater proportion of sex offenders had criminal justice involvement and a formal disposal from court. Fire raising was not overly represented as an offense. There was a higher rate of reoffending in the nonsexual cohort, which persisted up to 7 years. Investigating only reoffenders, there was a considerable amount of harm reduction recorded upto 7 years, statistically significant up to 5 years following initial referral.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504266884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,16]],"date-time":"2004-06-16T22:11:17Z","timestamp":1087423877000},"page":"875-890","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Sexual and Nonsexual Offenders With Intellectual and Learning Disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"William R.","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside; The State Hospital, Carstairs; and the University of Abertay, Dundee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne H. W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scottish Prison Service"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health Service Tayside"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baroff, G. S. (1996). The mentally retarded offender. In J. Jacobsen & J. Mulick (Eds.), Manual of diagnosis and professional practice in mental retardation (pp. 311-321). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association .","DOI":"10.1037\/10203-024"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018754004962"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048549"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01102019"},{"key":"atypb5","unstructured":"Day, K. (1993). Crime and mental retardation: A review. In K. Howells & C. R. Hollin (Eds.), Clinical approaches to the mentally disordered offender (pp. 111-143). Chichester, UK: Wiley ."},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.5.630"},{"key":"atypb7","unstructured":"Farrington, D. P. (2000). Psychosocial causes of offending. In M. G. Gelder, J. J. Lopez-Ibor, & N. Andreasen (Eds.), New Oxford textbook of psychiatry, vol. 2 (pp. 2029-2036). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press ."},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.143.4.370"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X99433007"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, S. (1991). Sex offenders . Australia & New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities (Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities), 17, 220-227 .","DOI":"10.1080\/07263869100034441"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hayes, S. (1996). Recent research on offenders with learning disabilities . Tizard Learning Disability Review, 1, 7-15 .","DOI":"10.1108\/13595474199600003"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland, T., Clare, I. C. H. & Mukhopadhyay, T. (2002). Prevalence of criminal offending by men and women with intellectual disability and characteristics of offenders: Implications for research and service development . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(Suppl. 1), 6-20 .","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00001.x"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07263869400035241"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Law, J., Lindsay, W. R. & Smith, A. H. W. (1999, July). Outcome evaluation of 161 people with mild learning disabilities who have offending or challenging behaviour . Paper presented at the 27th Annual Conference of the British Association of Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Bristol, UK."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00006.x"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00251-4"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindsay, W. R., Smith, A. H. W., Law, J., Quinn, K., Anderson, A., Smith, A., et al. (2002). A treatment service for sex offenders and abusers with intellectual disability: Characteristics of referrals and evaluation . Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15, 116-174 .","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3148.2002.00111.x"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.5.726"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048221"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Prins, H. (1980). Offenders, deviants or patients? And its reduction to the study of socio-forensic problems. London: Tavistock ."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Scorzelli, J. F. & Reinke-Scorzelli, M. (1979, September). Mentally retarded offender: A follow-up study . Rehabilitation Counselling Bulletin, pp. 70-73 ."},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2788.2002.00005.x"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Walker, N. & McCabe, S. (1973). Crime and insanity in England. 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