{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T15:46:04Z","timestamp":1789400764656,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>International terrorism has become a major global concern. Several studies conducted in North America and Europe in the aftermath of terrorist attacks reveal that international terrorism represents a significant short-term and long-term threat to mental health. In the present article, the authors clarify the concept and categories of terrorism and then present central findings from studies conducted in the United States and Europe, which mainly focus on negative impacts on mental health, such as emotional stress and PTSD. Furthermore, the authors outline experiments that focus on social interaction processes thought to be triggered by international terrorism and which are assumed to be related indirectly to mental health processes. Next, they highlight the potential positive outcomes on the resilience side, in line with the current theory on posttraumatic growth in adversity. Finally, theoretical and practical implications as well as limitations and future directions are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260507312292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,1]],"date-time":"2008-02-01T14:58:40Z","timestamp":1201877920000},"page":"339-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["International Terrorism and Mental Health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Exeter University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s1532480xads0804_5"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.4.289.20240"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Christian faith, attitudes, mental health, and personal growth following the 9\/11 terrorist attacks","author":"Ai, A.L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504267746"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00328.x"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/17439760601069341","volume":"2","author":"Ai, A.L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Positive Psychology"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0021212"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1980","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association.","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"atypb10","first-page":"47","volume":"4","author":"Antonovsky, A.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Advances"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Antonovsky, A. (1993). The implications of salutogenesis: An outsider's view. In A. P. Turnbull, J. M. Patterson, S. K. Behr, D. L. Murphy, J. G. Marquis, & M. Blue-Banning (Eds.), Cognitive coping, families, and disability (pp. 111-122). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200205093461913"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00061-3"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.5.575-a"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Self-efficacy: The exercise of control","author":"Bandura, A.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.2.349"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.65.5.1061"},{"key":"atypb18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022614821300"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.780"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory 18: Administration, scoring, and procedures manual","author":"Derogatis, L.R.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb21","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"Ehrenreich, J.H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"\u201d Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"Terrorist threat and organizational change: Evidence that immediate terror salience negatively affects employees' perceived ability to cope with organizational change","author":"Fischer, P."},{"key":"atypb23","first-page":"964","volume":"43","author":"Fischer, P.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167205282738"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Terror salience and prosocial behavior","author":"Fischer, P.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490060405"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.157.6.572"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.300"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention and Treatment, 3","author":"Fredrickson, B.L.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.3.218"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.00431"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999398379718"},{"key":"atypb33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010796329158"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.2.365"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2209-0"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma","author":"Janoff-Bulman, R.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.9.3.262"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.73.4.687"},{"key":"atypb40","unstructured":"Mineka, S., Pury, C.L. & Luten, A.G. (1995). Explanatory style in anxiety and depression. In G. M. Buchanan & M. E. P. Seligman (Eds.), Explanatory style (pp. 135-158). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum."},{"key":"atypb41","unstructured":"Moskowitz, J.T. (2001). Emotion and Coping. In T. J. Mayne & G. A. Bonanno (Eds.), Emotions: Current issues and future directions (pp. 311-336). New York: Guilford."},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.240.20169"},{"key":"atypb43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.65.3.207.20173"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1388152"},{"key":"atypb45","volume-title":"A national longitudinal investigation of perceived social benefits","author":"Poulin, M.J."},{"key":"atypb46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"atypb47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021463221281"},{"key":"atypb48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.029785","volume":"190","author":"Rubin, G.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.5.581"},{"key":"atypb50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200111153452024"},{"key":"atypb51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200001000-00014"},{"key":"atypb52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.10.1235"},{"key":"atypb53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.9.1702"},{"key":"atypb54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder, C.R., Sympson, S.C., Michael, S.T. & Cheavens, J. (2001). Optimism and hope constructs: Variants on a positive expectancy theme. In E. C. Chang (Ed.), Optimism and pessimism: Implications for theory, research, and practice (pp. 101-125). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.","DOI":"10.1037\/10385-005"},{"key":"atypb55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.34.2.151"},{"key":"atypb56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483326931"},{"key":"atypb57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090305"},{"key":"atypb58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1501_01"},{"key":"atypb59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011112723704"},{"key":"atypb60","volume-title":"Paper presented at Annual Conference of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies","author":"Weathers, F.W."},{"key":"atypb61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00027640121956601"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260507312292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260507312292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:11:23Z","timestamp":1777504283000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260507312292"}},"subtitle":["Recent Research and Future Directions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260507312292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260507312292","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}