{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:28:49Z","timestamp":1777854529394,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1243987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This self-report questionnaire study was carried out in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia to highlight the magnitude, predictors, and circumstances of workplace violence against primary health care (PHC) workers. A total of 1,091 workers completed a self-administered questionnaire. About 28% were exposed to at least one violent event during the past year. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important predictors of violence are high education of workers (OR = 9.3), working in emergency clinics (OR = 6.8), and in Hegar (OR = 3.2). Emotional and physical violence accounted for 92.1% and 7.9% of violent events, respectively. Unmet needs of patients, overcrowding, and reaction to injury or illness were the leading contributing factors for violence. There is a need for violence prevention and control program in health care facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509334395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]],"date-time":"2009-06-03T22:05:08Z","timestamp":1244066708000},"page":"716-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Violence Against Primary Health Care Workers in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Abdel-Hady","family":"El-Gilany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mansoura University, Egypt, ,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adel","family":"El-Wehady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Health in Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Amr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00146-5"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2004.64"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb3","first-page":"2","volume":"18","author":"Brown, L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the Ontario Occupational Health Nurses Association"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Violence at workplace: Findings from the British Crime Survey","author":"Budd, T.","year":"1999"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-5-54"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals (DHHS Publication No. 2002-101)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-7657.2007.00548.x"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.268"},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Lebanon Country Case Study. ILO\/ ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Deeb, M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case studies: Brazil, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Portugal, South Africa, Thailand and an additional Australian study: Synthesis Report. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Di Martino, V.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Relationship between work stress and workplace violence in the health sector. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Di Martino, V.","year":"2003"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb12","first-page":"13","volume":"56","author":"Duncan, S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alberta RN"},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb13","first-page":"27","volume":"26","author":"Featherstone, R.","year":"1999","journal-title":"ONA Vision"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Portuguese case study. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/ PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Ferrinho, P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210070034"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Setting the standard for safe and effective patient care in New Jersey, March 2006","author":"Health Professionals and Allied Employees.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector: Country case studies research instruments. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"International Labor Office","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case studies research instruments: Research Protocol. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"International Labor Office","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case studies research instruments: Survey questionnaire. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"International Labor Office","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Violence against health personnel in some health care units in Maputo City. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"International Labor Office","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.1998.tb01300.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3928\/0279-3695-19990601-17","volume":"37","author":"Lewis, M.L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Psycho-Social Nursing and Mental Health Services"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Mayhew, C. ( 2002). Occupational violence in industrialized countries: Types, incidence patterns and at risk groups of workers. In M. Gill, B. Fisher, and V. Bowie (Eds.), Violence at work: Causes, patterns and prevention (pp. 21-40). Cullompton, UK: Willan."},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb24","first-page":"3","volume":"19","author":"Mayhew, C.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health and Safety-Australia and New Zealand"},{"key":"atypb25","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case study: Brazil. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Palacios, M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Management of workplace violence victims. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Richards, J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-1767(97)90010-6"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Country case study: South Africa. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Steinman, S.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb29","volume-title":"Workplace violence in health sector: A case study in Thailand. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Sripichyakan, K.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb30","volume-title":"Workers\u2019 Health and Safety Division. Safety Education and Training Programs. Preventing workplace violence in health care facilities (Publication No. HS02035B[3-05])","author":"Texas Workers\u2019 Compensation Commission.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Workplace violence in the health sector: Case study Bulgaria. ILO\/ICN\/WHO\/PSI Joint program on workplace violence in the health sector, Geneva","author":"Tomev, L.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Bureau of Labor Statistics Survey of occupational injuries and illness 2000, 2001","author":"U.S. Department of Labor.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Occupational safety and health administration: Guidelines for preventing workplace violence for health care and social service workers (OSHA 3148-01R, 2004)","author":"U.S. Department of Labor.","year":"2007"},{"key":"atypb34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0148-4834-19960501-06"},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00292-0"},{"key":"atypb36","volume-title":"Violence: A public health priority","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"1995"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260509334395","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260509334395","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:09:21Z","timestamp":1777504161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260509334395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260509334395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260509334395","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,3]]}}}