{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:24:50Z","timestamp":1791663890964,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,14]],"date-time":"2009-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the link between exposure to violence and psychosocial adjustment for 442 Chinese secondary school students in Form 1-3. The students completed an inventory assessing exposure to violence through witnessing and through direct victimization in different settings (community, school, and home). Multiple measures and informants (i.e., self-report, teacher report, and school report) were used to assess emotional, behavioral, and cognitive functioning in adolescents. The results of this study showed that overall exposure to violence was related to emotional and behavior problems. High rates of exposure to violence across multiple contexts were found in this sample. After controlling for the co-occurrence of risk factors (e.g., exposure to violence in other settings), both witnessing school violence and being victimized by domestic violence were associated with emotional problems, whereas being victimized by community violence was related to behavior problems. These results suggest that there are differential effects of risks associated with different forms and settings of exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509340548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,14]],"date-time":"2009-09-14T21:10:37Z","timestamp":1252962637000},"page":"1309-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Differential Effects of Forms and Settings of Exposure to Violence on Adolescents\u2019 Adjustment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Man Yee","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanny M.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Manual for the Youth Self-Report & 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Manual for the Teacher\u2019s Report Form & 1991 Profile","author":"Achenbach T.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7311.480"},{"key":"atypb4","first-page":"57","volume":"23","author":"Bond, M.H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica Taiwanica"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Study on child abuse and spouse battering: Report on findings of household survey","author":"Chan, K.L.","year":"2006"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838008327260"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431605276931"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3002_7"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199502000-00015"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Gender socialization within the family: A study on adolescents and their parents in Great Britain","author":"Crespi, I.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S. & Bates, J.E. ( 1997). How the experience of early physical abuse leads children to become chronically aggressive. In D. Cicchetti & S. Toth (Eds.), Developmental perspectives on trauma: Theory, research and intervention (pp. 263-288). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press."},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199303000-00026"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.4.351"},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353752"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.03.005"},{"key":"atypb17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199601)24:1<26::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Multiple Forms of Violence Scale","author":"Ho, M.Y.","year":"2008"},{"key":"atypb19","unstructured":"Janoff-Bulman, R. & Frieze, I.H. (1987). The role of gender in reactions to criminal victimization . In R. C. Barnett, L. Biener, & G. K. Baruch (Eds.), Gender and stress (pp. 159-184). New York: MacMillan."},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Jenkins, E.J. & Bell, C.C. ( 1994). Violence among inner city high school students and post-traumatic stress disorder. In S. Friedman (Ed.), Anxiety Disorders in African Americans (pp. 76-88). New York: Springer."},{"key":"atypb21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J135v01n03_05"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.1.19"},{"key":"atypb23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2006.00502.x"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.35.5.1268"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01570.x"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CCFP.0000006293.77143.e1"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457949800159X"},{"key":"atypb28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.51.1.445"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2801_1"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.78.1.70"},{"key":"atypb31","volume-title":"Applied linear regression models","author":"Neter, J.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.3.424"},{"key":"atypb33","first-page":"33","volume":"9","author":"Osofsky, J.D.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Domestic Violence and Children"},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"Osofsky, J.D. ( 1997). Children and youth violence: An overview of the issue . In J. D. Osofsky (Ed.), Children in a violent society (pp. 1-8). New York: Guildford."},{"key":"atypb35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JACP.0000019766.47625.40"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.95.1.163"},{"key":"atypb37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.4.670"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00174-9"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2005.12.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"atypb40","author":"Unicef","year":"2000","journal-title":"Innocent Digest"},{"key":"atypb41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2989\/17280580409486561"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260502238733"},{"key":"atypb43","author":"Wong, C.K.","year":"2002","journal-title":"the World Wide"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(98)00010-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260509340548","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260509340548","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1777504169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260509340548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,14]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260509340548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260509340548","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,14]]}}}