{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:42:28Z","timestamp":1790710948564,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Identifying the factors that contribute to ongoing intimate partner abuse (IPA) among survivors of childhood abuse is essential to developing appropriate interventions. The current study assessed prospectively whether childhood betrayal trauma (BT) history and women\u2019s potential dependence on their perpetrators (unemployment, number of children below 13) increased women\u2019s risk of ongoing victimization, while controlling for trauma-related symptoms (PTSD, depression, dissociation). Women survivors of IPA ( N = 190) from an urban U.S. city were recruited based on an IPA incident reported to the police. At the initial interview, women reported on childhood betrayal trauma experiences, their employment status, number of children, and current trauma-related symptoms. Women returned 6 months later and reported on ongoing events of victimization (physical, sexual, psychological aggression, and injury) in their relationships with the initial IPA perpetrator. Results showed that higher levels of childhood BT were associated with ongoing victimization over the course of 6 months. Women\u2019s unemployment status predicted greater physical and sexual aggression and injuries. Higher levels of depression and lower levels of PTSD symptoms were also associated with increases in physical, sexual, and psychological aggression, and bodily injury. The findings have important implications for interventions by demonstrating the need to process women\u2019s betrayal trauma experiences, target depression symptoms, and increase women\u2019s economic opportunities to prevent further victimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260512468248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]],"date-time":"2012-12-24T21:58:42Z","timestamp":1356386322000},"page":"1385-1402","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Factors Contributing to Ongoing Intimate Partner Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Babcock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne P.","family":"DePrince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2005.00191.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260512468248","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v08n01_04"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260512468248","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond","author":"Barlow M. R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260512468248","volume-title":"Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory\u2013II","author":"Beck A. T.","year":"1996"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(08)80004-X"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J229v06n01_08"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212456523"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260512468248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DePrince A. P., Brown L. S., Cheit R. E., Freyd J. J., Gold S. N., Pezdek K., Quina K. (2012). Motivated forgetting and misremembering: Perspectives from Betrayal Trauma Theory. In Belli R. F. (Ed.), True and false recovered memories: Toward a reconciliation of the debate (Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 58; pp.193-243). 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