{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T12:41:39Z","timestamp":1791722499901,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited attention has been directed at adult children with a history of parental incarceration. The goal of the current study is to expand our understanding of the gendered effects of imprisonment on the adult offspring of incarcerated parents through the exploration of violence perpetration among a sample of young adults. Congruent with problem behavior theory, it is hypothesized that young adults who have been affected by parental incarceration will report greater aversive outcomes (i.e., more risk factors and violence perpetration) than their peers without a history of parental incarceration. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that parental incarceration predicts violent perpetration even after controlling for individual and familial risk factors and demographic characteristics. A series of bivariate and multivariate statistical models utilizing self-report data from 534 college students were generated to test said hypotheses. In addition, the moderating effects of students\u2019 sex and exposure to parental incarceration on the relationship between violence perpetration and risk factors were explored through the utilization of split logistic regression models. Roughly 1 in 10 (13.3%) students surveyed had experienced parental incarceration. As expected, students affected by parental incarceration were significantly more likely to perpetrate violence than their peers not affected by parental incarceration, net individual and familial risk. Although only a small percentage of students had experienced the imprisonment of a parent, parental incarceration predicted violence perpetration in young adulthood. These findings highlight the need to explore the long-lasting effects of parental incarceration on prisoners\u2019 offspring across the life course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515605123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]],"date-time":"2015-09-21T20:27:59Z","timestamp":1442867279000},"page":"316-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Sex, Parental Incarceration, and Violence Perpetration Among a Sample of Young Adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Mufti\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-009-9458-0"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260515605123","first-page":"7","volume":"13","author":"Adalist-Estrin A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Prevention Researcher"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18574\/nyu\/9780814708057.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9867-2"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260515605123","unstructured":"Azziz R. (2014, February). A looming challenge in higher education: Our changing student. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/dr-ricardo-azziz\/a-looming-challenge-higher-education_b_4855108.html"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260515605123","volume-title":"All alone in the world: Children of the incarcerated","author":"Bernstein N.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128707307223"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00886.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.2002.s14.101"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2007.00472.x"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appdev.2010.04.001"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002242780203900204"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.4.2.79"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01262.x"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716208331123"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260515605123","first-page":"656","volume":"44","author":"Gabel S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Human aggression","author":"Geen R. G.","year":"2001","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.1.62"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e513862010-001"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp3303_2"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2011.00755.x"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427893030001002"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490609552324"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2006.09.001"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15564886.2011.557324"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/227905"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2007.03.005"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1987.tb01490.x"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260515605123","first-page":"3","volume":"13","author":"Johnson E. I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Prevention Researcher"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2012.00957.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Delinquent behaviour among young people in the western world: First results of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study","author":"Junger-Tas J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2011.536720"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260515605123","first-page":"e1187","volume":"4","author":"Lee R. D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9433717.x"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-006-9030-4"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260515605123","first-page":"23","volume-title":"The psychology of teen violence and victimization","author":"Marcus R. F.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2011.00754.x"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Invisible punishment: The collateral consequences of mass imprisonment","author":"Mauer M.","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260515605123","unstructured":"Mauer M., King R. S. (2007). Uneven justice: State rates of incarceration by race and ethnicity. Sentencing Project. Retrieved from http:\/\/sentencingproject.org\/doc\/publications\/rd_stateratesofincbyraceandethnicity.pdf"},{"key":"bibr42-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854812468434"},{"key":"bibr43-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10560-006-0065-6"},{"key":"bibr44-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427815593988"},{"key":"bibr45-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Incarcerated parents and their children","author":"Mumola C.","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr46-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/he.10801"},{"key":"bibr47-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/520070"},{"key":"bibr48-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000138"},{"key":"bibr49-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854806289549"},{"key":"bibr50-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14751790903416889"},{"key":"bibr51-0886260515605123","volume-title":"When prisoners come home: Parole and prisoner reentry","author":"Petersilia J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr52-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427814552080"},{"key":"bibr53-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015754122318"},{"key":"bibr54-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr409"},{"key":"bibr55-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00253.x"},{"key":"bibr56-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03110.x"},{"key":"bibr57-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.18.080192.000431"},{"key":"bibr58-0886260515605123","volume-title":"Incarcerated parents and their children: Trends 1991-2007","author":"Schirmer S.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr59-0886260515605123","unstructured":"Straus M. A., Hamby S. L., Boney-McCoy S., Sugarman D. (2009). Manual for the personal and relationships profile (PRP). Retrieved from http:\/\/pubpages.unh.edu\/~mas2\/prp.htm"},{"key":"bibr60-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.28.2.4"},{"key":"bibr61-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2012.00810.x"},{"key":"bibr62-0886260515605123","volume-title":"But they all come back: Facing the challenges of prisoner reentry","author":"Travis J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr63-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427810393018"},{"key":"bibr64-0886260515605123","first-page":"793","volume":"10","author":"Wakefield S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Society of Criminology"},{"key":"bibr65-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199989225.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr66-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210056032"},{"key":"bibr67-0886260515605123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ss.923"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260515605123","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260515605123","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260515605123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:17:16Z","timestamp":1777504636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260515605123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260515605123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260515605123","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,21]]}}}