{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:39:16Z","timestamp":1788295156898,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The individual and social protective factors that help break the cycle of violence are examined. Specifically, this study investigates (a) the individual and social protective factors that reduce violent offending among previously victimized children, and (b) whether certain protective factors are more or less important depending on the type and frequency of childhood victimization experienced. Data on young adults from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health are used ( N = 13,116). Negative binomial regression models are estimated to examine the protective factors that promote resiliency to violent offending among individuals who reported being physically and sexually victimized as children. Results indicate that a number of individual and social protective factors reduce violent offending in young adulthood. With a few exceptions, these factors are specific to the type, frequency, and comorbidity of abuse experienced. The results suggest a number of promising approaches to break the cycle of violence among previously victimized children. Future research should move beyond explaining the cycle of violence to examine how the cycle may be broken.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516651090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T20:07:52Z","timestamp":1464293272000},"page":"1261-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["The Cycle of Violence Revisited: Childhood Victimization, Resilience, and Future Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian J.","family":"Turanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryn N.","family":"O\u2019Neal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Morse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan T.","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260516651090","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Taking stock: The status of criminological theory","author":"Agnew R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124100028003003"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1529-1006.01431"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260516651090","volume-title":"The invisible woman: Gender, crime, and justice","author":"Belknap J.","year":"2015","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.5.726"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838013487806"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023030312801"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-007-9024-4"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139013567"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260516651090","volume-title":"Guidelines for analyzing Add Health data","author":"Chen P.","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.8.731"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579497001442"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800180093014"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260516651090","first-page":"509","volume":"47","author":"Currie J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Human Resources"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2270481"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2005.11.015"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-450660-2.50011-2"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0039671"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076546"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260516651090","volume-title":"The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), Waves I & II, 1994-1996; Wave III, 2001-2002; Wave IV, 2007-2008","author":"Harris K. M.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260516651090","volume-title":"Design features of Add Health","author":"Harris K. M.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.03.005"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(99)00007-1"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503255558"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511973420"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-2452"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.03.011"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260516651090","first-page":"34","volume":"1","author":"Johnson C. L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Juvenile Justice"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050270019004"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260516651090","volume-title":"Marital status: 2000","author":"Kreider R. M.","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2012.00288.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260516651090","volume-title":"Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables using Stata","author":"Long J. S.","year":"2006","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015620820"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v02n01_02"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1996.02170290056009"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940100414X"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260516651090","unstructured":"Miranda A. (2012). Setpoisson: Stata module (Mata) to estimate a selection endogenous treatment Poisson model by maximum simulated likelihood. Retrieved from http:\/\/ideas.repec.org\/e\/pmi55.html"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504267756"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820903379628"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00911.x"},{"key":"bibr42-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr43-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537606"},{"key":"bibr44-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400876136"},{"key":"bibr45-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128793039003010"},{"key":"bibr46-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2007.00091.x"},{"key":"bibr47-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510362883"},{"key":"bibr48-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00236.x"},{"key":"bibr49-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-011-9160-8"},{"key":"bibr50-0886260516651090","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"2012","edition":"6"},{"key":"bibr51-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514533153"},{"key":"bibr52-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012447697"},{"key":"bibr53-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515599657"},{"key":"bibr54-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2013.03.004"},{"key":"bibr55-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260511433510"},{"key":"bibr56-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-012-9180-z"},{"key":"bibr57-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.12.059"},{"key":"bibr58-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10940-014-9230-9"},{"key":"bibr59-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5365.867"},{"key":"bibr60-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.6.1312"},{"key":"bibr61-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513488696"},{"key":"bibr62-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2704995"},{"key":"bibr63-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.1.3"},{"key":"bibr64-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.9.1.34"},{"key":"bibr65-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.8.4.412"},{"key":"bibr66-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X14549308"},{"key":"bibr67-0886260516651090","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510362886"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260516651090","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260516651090","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260516651090","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:18:04Z","timestamp":1777504684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260516651090"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260516651090"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260516651090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]}}}