{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:32:22Z","timestamp":1777854742774,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Exposure to violence has been shown to negatively affect mental health and well-being. The goal of this Facebook-based study was to describe the rates of exposure to violence in a sample of Russian adults and to assess the impact of these experiences on subjective well-being and victimization-related psychological distress. Three types of victimization were assessed: physical assault by a stranger, physical assault by someone known to victim, and nonconsensual sexual experiences. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) was used to assess subjective well-being, and Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD) was employed as an indicator of victimization-related psychological distress. Data were obtained from 6,724 Russian-speaking Facebook users. Significant levels of lifetime victimization were reported by the study participants. Lifetime physical assault by a stranger, physical assault by someone known to victim, and sexual assault were reported by 56.9%, 64.2%, and 54.1% of respondents, respectively. Respondents exposed to violence were more likely to report posttraumatic stress symptoms and lower levels of subjective well-being. Participants who were exposed to at least one type of violence were more likely to experience symptoms of traumatic stress ( U = 1,794,250.50, p &lt; .001, d = 0.35). Exposure to multiple forms of violence was associated with more severe traumatic stress symptoms ( r\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    = .257, p &lt; .001). Well-being scores were significantly lower among participants exposed to violence ( t = 8.37, p &lt; .001, d = 0.31). The study demonstrated that violence exposure is associated with reduced well-being among Russian adults. Our findings highlight the negative impact of violence exposure on subjective well-being and underscore the necessity to develop programs addressing violence exposure in Russian populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517698279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T08:35:19Z","timestamp":1489739719000},"page":"1476-1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Violence Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress, and Subjective Well-Being in a Sample of Russian Adults: A Facebook-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Olga","family":"Bogolyubova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University, Russia"},{"name":"Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Tikhonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Panicheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanina","family":"Ledovaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Petersburg State University, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260517698279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.2011.01089.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260517698279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480615581102"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260517698279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.1999.430906.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260517698279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260517698279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514539849"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260517698279","unstructured":"Brand Analytics. 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