{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:06:18Z","timestamp":1780452378110,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2003, Congress passed the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA). Although subsequent research to PREA has shed light on the prevalence and incidence of sexual violence in American prisons, few studies examine inmates\u2019 perceptions of rape and safety from rape in prison. Even less is known about how inmates\u2019 perceptions of rape influence mental health treatment\u2013seeking behavior during incarceration. Using a sample of incarcerated men, this study adds to the limited body of research by examining the perceived fear of rape and mental health treatment\u2013seeking behavior in two vulnerable prison populations\u2014gay and bisexual inmates and inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Compared with straight inmates, gay and bisexual inmates were approximately two times more likely to perceive that rape was a threat and three times more likely to voluntarily request mental health treatment in prison. Inmates with a history of childhood sexual abuse were over twice as likely to perceive the threat of rape and nearly four times more likely to request mental health treatment than inmates who did not report a history of childhood sexual abuse. Policy, practice implications, and recommendations for future research are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517714440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]],"date-time":"2017-06-14T07:15:15Z","timestamp":1497424515000},"page":"4117-4140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Can I Ask for Help? The Relationship Among Incarcerated Males\u2019 Sexual Orientation, Sexual Abuse History, and Perceptions of Rape in Prison"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mina","family":"Ratkalkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra A.","family":"Atkin-Plunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854811406356"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033376"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e563532006-001"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510372946"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260517714440","volume-title":"Sexual victimization in jails and prisons reported by inmates, 2011\u201312 update","author":"Beck A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e432232008-001"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885515605485"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-0886260517714440","first-page":"23","volume":"41","author":"Blair F.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatric Nursing"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-1-3"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260517714440","volume-title":"Keeping vulnerable populations safe under PREA: Alternative strategies to the use of segregation in prisons and jails","author":"Browne A.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0045531"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260517714440","volume-title":"Prisoners in 2014","author":"Carson E.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260517714440","first-page":"60","volume":"75","author":"Connor D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Corrections Today"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0093954"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.17.6.639.33725"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1541-1559.5.2.97"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2005.01.015"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e574832006-001"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781503621794"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128702239239"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260517714440","first-page":"1","volume":"92","author":"Haney C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Prison Journal"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260517714440","volume-title":"Prior abuse reported by inmates and probationers","author":"Harlow C.","year":"1999"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2006.0018"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505276069"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128703257198"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e557002006-001"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260517714440","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243215611856"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260517714440","volume-title":"Violence in California correctional facilities: An empirical examination of sexual assault","author":"Jenness V.","year":"2007"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260517714440","unstructured":"Just Detention International. 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