{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:19:57Z","timestamp":1791389997422,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been linked to a broad range of negative consequences. Thus, early detection and prevention of behaviors associated with IPV is necessary to combat this global public health problem. Controlling behaviors (CBs) within the intimate context, including acts to constrain free mobility or access to friends and relatives, have been characterized as a moderate form of violence and may be an indicator of more severe IPV. Previous research in this field, however, has been primarily conducted in the United States. Accordingly, we lack knowledge of similar findings in other countries to draw more general conclusions about observed associations between these variables, and to identify underlying mechanisms. The current study analyzes the role of control within the Spanish context by examining its correlates, as well as the role and impact of CBs on psychological and physical violence. To achieve these objectives, we use data from the Spanish sample of the Violence Against Women Survey carried out by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights ( N = 1,520 adult women). The results indicated that young women, women with a previous history of physical\/sexual abuse during childhood, and women who have resided in Spain for fewer years are at greater risk of experiencing control within the context of an ongoing relationship. Partner risk factors included frequent episodes of drunkenness and general violence (i.e., violence outside of the home). In addition, control was more frequently reported among couples where the man was older than the woman. As hypothesized, women who reported CB by their partners were more likely to experience psychological and physical violence. These findings emphasize the importance of preventing CBs to avert the most severe forms of violence, and provides relevant information about the groups that could most benefit from these efforts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517723744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T03:39:14Z","timestamp":1503545954000},"page":"231-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Controlling Behaviors and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Spain: An Examination of Individual, Partner, and Relationship Risk Factors for Physical and Psychological Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Aizpurua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Copp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge J.","family":"Ricarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167696813512305"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260517723744","volume-title":"Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for surveys","author":"American Association for Public Opinion Research","year":"2011","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353952"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-005-4204-x"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510370600"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-511"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2005.00206.x"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.21499"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260517723744","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1617.2010.01329.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260517723744","volume-title":"Intimate partner violence in the United States\u20142010","author":"Breiding M. 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An\u00e1lisis de las sentencias dictadas por los tribunales del jurado y por las audiencias provinciales en el a\u00f1o 2014, relativas a homicidios y\/o asesinatos consumados entre los miembros de la pareja o ex pareja y menores a manos de sus progenitores [Analysis of the sentences issued by jury tribunals and the provincial courts in the year 2014, relative to homicides and\/or murders committed by members of a couple or a former couple and minors at the hands by their parents]. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.poderjudicial.es\/cgpj\/es\/Temas\/Violencia-domestica-y-de-genero\/Grupos-de-expertos\/Analisis-de-las-sentencias-dictadas-por-los-Tribunales-del-Jurado-y-por-las-Audiencias-Provinciales-en-el-ano-2011\u2013relativas-a-homicidios-y-o-asesinatos-consumados-entre-los-miembros-de-la-pareja-o-ex-pareja"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260517723744","unstructured":"De Miguel V. (2015). 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