{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:35:00Z","timestamp":1777854900896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>It is commonly assumed that male abuse is more damaging than female abuse, just as it previously has been assumed that physical abuse is more harmful than psychological abuse. We sought to examine gender assumptions given that they may cause people to overlook the harm that men experience with a psychologically abusive partner. The current experiment compared perceptions of male and female perpetrators of psychological abuse, and examined whether gendered perceptions were affected by sexist beliefs or participants\u2019 own sex. The experiment also explored the effect of the victim\u2019s response to a perpetrator\u2019s abuse. College participants ( N = 195) read a scenario depicting a hypothetical marital conflict that manipulated the sex of the perpetrator, the level of abuse (abuse or no abuse), and whether the victim did or did not respond with some aggression. In scenarios that featured abuse (relative to no-abuse conditions), a male perpetrator was consistently perceived more harshly than a female perpetrator. Participant sex and sexism did not moderate this gender-based perception. Varying the victim\u2019s response in the scenario affected perceptions more in the no-abuse condition than in the abuse condition. The findings are discussed in terms of robust gender assumptions and the difficulties in challenging such assumptions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517741215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T01:03:44Z","timestamp":1511226224000},"page":"1414-1436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Perceptions of Psychological Abuse: The Role of Perpetrator Gender, Victim\u2019s Response, and Sexism"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Capezza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Stonehill College, Easton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"D\u2019Intino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stonehill College, Easton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stonehill College, Easton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ximena B.","family":"Arriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260517741215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.14.1.55"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260517741215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/12346-020"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260517741215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pspi0000035"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260517741215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167215594123"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260517741215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00333.x"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260517741215","volume-title":"The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010 summary report","author":"Black M. 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