{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:26:08Z","timestamp":1789471568236,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) can lead to devastating health and mental health consequences for women, such as elevated rates of substance use, trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and HIV. Consequently, engagement with services that address addiction, mental health, and housing, and provide general advocacy is critically important to women\u2019s increased safety, stabilization, and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to service access and engagement with social services among women involved in CSE. Drawing from a larger grounded theory study that partnered with an anti-trafficking coalition and a substance use treatment center for women, in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 adult women who traded sex as adults and 20 service providers who come into contact with this population. Women engaging in services were sampled through maximum variation sampling ( n = 24) and women not engaged with services ( n = 6) were recruited through snowball sampling. Providers were recruited through purposive sampling through the coalition ( n = 10) and nominations sampling ( n = 10). Open and focused coding were conducted. Multiple enhancements to methodological and analytic rigor were taken, including collaboration with multiple key stakeholders, use of nonstigmatizing language, self-reflexivity processes, analytic memo-writing, and member checking. Findings suggest that women experienced judgment when disclosing sex trading in social service intakes, and individual and group sessions from providers and other women in the groups. Although some women saw disclosure as helpful in addressing the complex feelings stemming from sex trading, as well as the desire to help or relate to other women in similar situations, they also identified risk of harm and multiple barriers to disclosing during intake meetings and individual sessions with providers as well as group sessions with providers and other clients. Implications for individual and group practice are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517746130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]],"date-time":"2017-12-09T07:08:55Z","timestamp":1512803335000},"page":"NP1259-1284NP","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Disclosing Sex Trading Histories to Providers: Barriers and Facilitators to Navigation of Social Services Among Women Impacted by Commercial Sexual Exploitation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Gerassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonya E.","family":"Edmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Fabbre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.07.009"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10767-013-9152-9"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12147-007-9001-0"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/741942610"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.167817"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2011.583309"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.3.337"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.12.1458"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446221792.n3"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260517746130","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260517746130","volume-title":"Human trafficking into and within the United States: A review of the literature","author":"Clawson H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204271431"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J015v25n03_07"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J189v02n03_a"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v27n03_03"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2009.06.018"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1476750316630387"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1406"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260517746130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J002v42n04_06"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260517746130","volume-title":"Human trafficking in the midwest: A case study of St. Louis and the bi-state area","author":"Heil E. 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