{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:48:04Z","timestamp":1793400484604,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]],"date-time":"2018-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520726400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current study examined the indirect effect of maternal and paternal emotional and physical maltreatment on affective and behavioral symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) through parent\u2013child relationship quality; gender and overall ODD symptoms were examined as moderators. Participants included 2,362 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental emotional and physical maltreatment, parent\u2013child relationship quality, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. These characteristics were compared across parent and child gender (i.e., maternal and paternal effects as well as male and female differences) as well as participants reporting high and low ODD symptoms. In the low ODD group, indirect effects of emotional maltreatment occurred in all parent\u2013child dyads except the mother\u2013son dyad, whereas in the high ODD group, indirect effects occurred only in the father\u2013son dyad. Indirect effects of physical maltreatment occurred only in the father\u2013son dyad in the low ODD group, and only in the mother\u2013daughter dyad on behavioral ODD symptoms in the high ODD group. The results suggest that specific parent\u2013child gender dyads respond differently, warranting further investigation of gender effects. Moreover, emerging adults in the low ODD symptoms group demonstrated a positive association between parental maltreatment and ODD symptoms and a negative association between parent\u2013child relationship quality and ODD symptoms, whereas those high in the high ODD symptoms group did not demonstrate these associations. That is, emerging adults reporting high ODD symptoms demonstrated no relationship between their ODD symptoms and harsh parenting, suggesting an ineffective coercive process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518760014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,12]],"date-time":"2018-03-12T02:33:55Z","timestamp":1520822035000},"page":"2612-2632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Maltreatment and Affective and Behavioral Problems in Emerging Adults With and Without Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: Mediation by Parent\u2013Child Relationship Quality"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Cliff","family":"McKinney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7699-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Stearns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Szkody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260518760014","unstructured":"Arbuckle J. 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