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The majority of longitudinal studies documenting the negative impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) on the mental health of women come from high-income countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between emotional, physical, or sexual IPV and depression symptoms among South African women in a prospective cohort study. Participants were 981 South African women enrolled in the Drakenstein Child Health Study\u2014a cohort study investigating the early life determinants of child health. Interview data from four time-points (antenatal care visit, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months postpartum) were included. The primary independent variable was self-reported emotional, physical, and sexual IPV in the past 12 months. Depressive symptoms were assessed at each time-point with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); a cutoff score of \u2a7e13 was used to define significant depression symptoms. We used pooled-multivariable logistic regression models to determine associations between the three different forms of IPV and significant depression symptoms while adjusting for time-fixed and time-updated covariates. The mean age of the sample at antenatal care visit was 27 years (standard deviation = 6.0). In the adjusted model including all forms of IPV and adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, substance use, and childhood trauma, emotional (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] =1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.02, 2.34]; p = .039)] and sexual (aOR = 2.02, 95% CI: [1.10, 3.72]; p &lt; .001) IPV were significantly associated with significant depression symptoms. The relationship between physical IPV and significant depression symptoms was not statistically significant (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI: [0.44, 1.05]; p = .485). Our study confirms findings from high-income countries of the association between IPV and depressive symptoms among women in South Africa. Routine screening for IPV, including emotional IPV and intervention programs for IPV among women, is needed in South Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518796522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T08:36:12Z","timestamp":1535618172000},"page":"NP5060-NP5083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Associations of Emotional, Physical, or Sexual Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Symptoms Among South African Women in a Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Chukwuemeka N.","family":"Okafor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather J.","family":"Zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond","family":"Nhapi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Red Cross Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child & Adolescent Health, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastassja","family":"Koen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Shoptaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine & Department of Psychiatry, Univerisy of Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan J.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry & Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260518796522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4872"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260518796522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/653098"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260518796522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116609"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260518796522","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.2003.18.1.87"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260518796522","volume-title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A Retrospective Self-Report (CTQ)","author":"Bernstein D. 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