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These responses are not uncommon and have been linked to adverse survivor outcomes such as dissociation, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, poorer physical health, and depression, yet little is known about which survivors are most at risk for experiencing institutional betrayal. Using a sample of 404 sexual assault survivors recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, the current study employed logistic regression to identify risk factors for institutional betrayal. The findings indicate that institutional betrayal is more likely to be reported by survivors who identify as heterosexual, were older at the time of the assault, and endorse more severe PTSD symptoms yet, unexpectedly, less severe distress severity. Gender, race, assault characteristics, and disclosure tendencies did not significantly predict institutional betrayal risk. Although some relationships may be bidirectional, the results suggest that survivors already at risk for some negative post-assault outcomes may be particularly at risk for institutional betrayal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518802850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T05:20:49Z","timestamp":1538112049000},"page":"5036-5054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Institutional Betrayal: Who Is Most Vulnerable?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Caitlin M.","family":"Pinciotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly K.","family":"Orcutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260518802850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.25.5.631"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260518802850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260518802850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024478305142"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260518802850","unstructured":"Black M. 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