{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T21:43:30Z","timestamp":1785447810126,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to describe the U.S. population-level prevalence of multiple perpetrator types (intimate partner, acquaintance, stranger, person of authority, or family member) per victim and to describe the prevalence of victim\u2013offender relationship status combinations. Authors analyzed U.S. nationally representative data from noninstitutionalized adult respondents with self-reported lifetime exposure to intimate partner violence, sexual violence, or stalking in the 2012 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS). An estimated 142 million U.S. adults had some lifetime exposure to intimate partner violence, sexual violence, or stalking. An estimated 55 million victims (39% of total victims) had more than one perpetrator type during their lifetimes. A significantly higher proportion of female victims reported more than one perpetrator type compared with male victims (49% vs. 27%). Among both female and male victims with &gt;1 perpetrator type, the most prevalent victim\u2013offender relationship status combinations all included an intimate partner perpetrator. Many victims of interpersonal violence are subject to multiple perpetrator types during their lifetimes. Prevention strategies that address polyvictimization and protect victims from additional perpetrators can have a substantial and beneficial societal impact. Research on victim experiences to inform prevention strategies is strengthened by comprehensively accounting for lifetime victimizations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518824648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T02:23:14Z","timestamp":1548382994000},"page":"NP7284-NP7297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Lifetime Number of Perpetrators and Victim\u2013Offender Relationship Status Per U.S. Victim of Intimate Partner, Sexual Violence, or Stalking"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7955-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cora","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Merrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen C.","family":"Basile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260518824648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1077-3"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260518824648","unstructured":"Basile K. C., DeGue S., Jones K., Freire K., Dills J., Smith S. G., Raiford J. (2016, June 13). STOP SV: A technical package to prevent sexual violence. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pub\/technical-packages.html"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260518824648","unstructured":"Black M. C., Basile K. C., Breiding M. J., Smith S. G., Walters M. L., Merrick M. T. Stevens M. (2011). National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2010 summary report. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/nisvs\/summaryreports.html"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr4-0886260518824648","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"Breiding M. J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Surveillance Summaries"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260518824648","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016). Preventing multiple forms of violence: A strategic vision for connecting the dots. Atlanta, GA: Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. 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H., Kearns M. C., Dills J., Rambo K., Irving S., Armstead T., Gilbert L. (2017, June 13). Preventing intimate partner violence across the lifespan: A technical package of programs, policies, and practices. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pub\/technical-packages.html"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260518824648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.008"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260518824648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2016.11.014"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260518824648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.04.049"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260518824648","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559508326357"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260518824648","unstructured":"Smith S., Chen J., Basile K., Gilbert L., Merrick M., Patel N. Jain A. (2017, September 25). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010-2012 state report. 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