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Little is known about the magnitude and determinants of violence against FSW in Zambia, where HIV and gender-based violence prevalence are high. We conducted a cross-sectional study, using multivariable logistic regression, to determine the prevalence and correlates of client-initiated physical violence among 419 FSW in Lusaka and Ndola. The prevalence of client-initiated physical violence was 39%. The odds of violence were higher for FSW who: lived in Lusaka, recruited clients from the street, serviced clients in the clients\u2019 homes, had a physically forced sexual debut, and had a higher client volume. Our results call for safer working spaces for FSW and violence prevention interventions for their male clients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519860083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]],"date-time":"2019-07-03T09:10:14Z","timestamp":1562145014000},"page":"NP9483-NP9500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Client-Initiated Violence Against Zambian Female Sex Workers: Prevalence and Associations With Behavior, Environment, and Sexual History"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-5916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalonde","family":"Malama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 & Traitement de l\u2019Information M\u00e9dicale, Marseille, France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Sagaon-Teyssier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 & Traitement de l\u2019Information M\u00e9dicale, Marseille, France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Tichacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyronza","family":"Sharkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kilembe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Lusaka, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubiana","family":"Inambao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Ndola, Zambia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matt A.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"University of California at San Francisco, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3546-8020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Spire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Sant\u00e9 & Traitement de l\u2019Information M\u00e9dicale, Marseille, France"},{"name":"ORS PACA, Observatoire R\u00e9gional de la Sant\u00e9 Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Emory University, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053809"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050410001680474"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102129"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61049-7"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70066-X"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260519860083","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260519860083","unstructured":"Central Statistical Office (Zambia). 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