{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:32:04Z","timestamp":1777854724726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored the viability of preventive treatment services for individuals with sexual interest in children, in jurisdictions without mandatory reporting but where risk-related disclosures to authorities are permitted at therapists\u2019 discretion. Health professionals ( N = 112) were surveyed regarding their comfort, confidence, knowledge of relevant legal provisions, and personal disclosure thresholds, in relation to a hypothetical scenario of a client confiding pedophilic interest to seek help. Findings were mixed regarding implications for prevention service viability. Despite the complexities of the legal and ethical context of the study setting (New Zealand), predictions regarding professionals\u2019 uncertainty in relation to their legal and ethical duties, and displaying a bias toward disclosing information to authorities when permitted, were not fully borne out, although pervasive knowledge inaccuracies and associated training needs were revealed. Instead, general tendencies among respondents were toward comfort, confidence, and the inclination toward maintaining client confidentiality. Yet, widespread variance within the sample, and individuals\u2019 thresholds appearing rather unpredictable on the basis of demographic or professional variables, highlights likely barriers for potential clients in feeling safe enough to come forward. Given that preventive treatment viability in this context relies on self-referral, it is suggested that a purpose-designed preventive treatment service, with clear accessible confidentiality and reporting policies that are well within the law, could be the best way forward for viable preventive treatment in discretionary reporting contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519869236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T01:20:31Z","timestamp":1567732831000},"page":"4254-4280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Is Preventive Treatment for Individuals With Sexual Interest in Children Viable in a Discretionary Reporting Context?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M. Beggs","family":"Christofferson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12067"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Family Studies. (2017). Child Family Community Australia (CFCA) resource sheet: Mandatory reporting of child abuse and neglect. Retrieved from https:\/\/aifs.gov.au\/cfca\/publications\/mandatory-reporting-child-abuse-and-neglect"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260519869236","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"Beauchamp T. L.","year":"2013","edition":"7"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906329901100403"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022900"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940903174188"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12785"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789940903174188"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Sexual violence prevention: Beginning the dialogue. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/svprevention-a.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906329901100404"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Child Welfare Information Gateway. (2016). Mandatory reporters of child abuse and neglect. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children\u2019s Bureau. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.childwelfare.gov\/topics\/systemwide\/laws-policies\/statutes\/manda\/"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Crimes Act. (1961). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.legislation.govt.nz\/act\/public\/1961\/0043\/137.0\/DLM327382.html"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-200209000-00008"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2019.101752"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Harris L. (2013, October). Do New Zealand psychiatrists have a duty to protect potential victims of their patients\u2019 violence? A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Laws (Honours) at the University of Otago, Dunedin. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.otago.ac.nz\/law\/research\/journals\/otago065266.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Health Information Privacy Code. (1994). Retrieved from https:\/\/privacy.org.nz\/assets\/Files\/Codes-of-Practice-materials\/Consolidated-HIPC-current-as-of-28-Sept-17.pdf"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act. (2003). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.legislation.govt.nz\/act\/public\/2003\/0048\/latest\/DLM203312.html"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19317611.2013.795921"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0822-3"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X14564319"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.02.020"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1276116"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035360"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.003"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063210366039"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/rsmmsl.44.4.327"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Ministry of Health. (2009). Psychologist workforce: Summary results from the 2009 health workforce annual survey. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.psychologistsboard.org.nz\/cms_show_download.php?id=87"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260519869236","unstructured":"New Zealand Ministry of Justice. (2016). Number of people convicted of sexual offences against a child or young person (aged 16 years or younger) in 2015, by offending history. Unpublished dataset released to S. Christofferson."},{"key":"bibr29-0886260519869236","volume-title":"Code of ethics for psychologists working in aotearoa\/New Zealand","author":"New Zealand Psychologists\u2019 Board","year":"2002"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Oranga Tamariki Act. (1989). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.legislation.govt.nz\/act\/public\/1989\/0024\/121.0\/DLM147088.html"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260519869236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2010.03.005"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Stats NZ (n.d.). 2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity. Retrieved from http:\/\/archive.stats.govt.nz\/Census\/2013-census\/profile-and-summary-reports\/quickstats-culture-identity\/ethnic-groups-NZ.aspx"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260519869236","unstructured":"Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California. (1976). 131 Cal. Rptr. 14 (Cal. 1976)."}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260519869236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260519869236","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260519869236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:13:56Z","timestamp":1777504436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260519869236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260519869236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260519869236","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]]}}}