{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:14:50Z","timestamp":1784729690090,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported rape and its associations with other forms of violence and mental health outcomes. The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey that collected data from 4,283 Brazilians aged 14 years and older in 2012. The prevalence of rape was 2.3% ( n = 107) and the majority ( n = 81) of rapes were reported by women. Female gender increased the chances of rape (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.7, 4.3]). Adults aged 35 to 46 years (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.4]) and being without religion (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.3, 3.8]) were also associated with increased chances of rape. Participants with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were 16.5 times (95% CI = [10.1, 26.7]) more likely to report having been raped. Other outcomes related to been raped were history of child prostitution (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = [2.1, 13.4]) and witnesses of violence during childhood (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5, 3.8]). People without social support (AOR\u22453, 95% CI = [1.8, 4.3]), victims of multiple recent negative events (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = [2.4, 5.8]), people with depression (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = [1.7, 3.9]), history of suicidal ideation (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = [2.0, 7.1]), and history of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.1, 4.3]) are other outcomes related to having been raped. In this sample, rape was related to gender and to other forms of violence and victimization. Self-reports of rape appear to underestimate the true prevalence as the figures obtained from the survey were low. Other methods should be used to investigate this issue.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520915546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T10:50:57Z","timestamp":1589367057000},"page":"NP944-NP967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Mental Health in a Brazilian National Sample"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Diehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Molina de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Technological University of Paran\u00e1, Corn\u00e9lio Proc\u00f3pio, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clarice Sandi","family":"Madruga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronaldo","family":"Laranjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wagstaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8902-7549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra Cristina","family":"Pillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00296.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2017.11.003"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.28608"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62243-6"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017296"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520915546","volume-title":"Categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti A.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520915546","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-006-9069-9"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520915546","volume-title":"It happened not with me, but it was. 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