{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:08:14Z","timestamp":1787018894343,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study furthers previous research on sexual assaults (SAs) involving substances and\/or force by examining effects of perpetrator behaviors of alcohol and\/or drug impairment level (none, impaired, incapacitated) and\/or force during SA in relationship to various assault and recovery outcomes. A diverse sample of 632 women from a large Midwestern city participated in a study on women\u2019s experiences with SA. Of this sample of substance-involved SAs, 37.3% ( n\u2009=\u2009236) reported a forcible-only unimpaired assault, 50.6% ( n\u2009=\u2009320) reported a combined impairment\/incapacitation and force assault, and 12% ( n\u2009=\u200976) reported an impaired\/incapacitated-only assault. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and chi-square analyses compared assault types as defined by combined alcohol and\/or drug impairment level and\/or force to determine how these assaults differed in demographics, other assault characteristics, and post-assault experiences. Assault types differed on several demographic, assault, and post-assault factors with most differences showing that the combined assault type was related to worse outcomes than forcible-type assaults, including greater reexperiencing, avoidance, and numbing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Implications for clinical intervention include recognizing that assaults involving substance use and force are traumatic and warrant individualized treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520926321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1591855465000},"page":"NP1348-NP1376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Differences in Women\u2019s Substance-Related Sexual Assaults: Force, Impairment, and Combined Assault Types"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Erin","family":"O\u2019Callaghan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Ullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois at Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520926321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2004.00149.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520926321","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520926321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2010.10400702"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520926321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_6"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260520926321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005275087"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520926321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.990"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520926321","volume-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale Manual","author":"Foa E. 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