{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:32:58Z","timestamp":1792607578639,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Police violence during protests occurs worldwide with varying levels ranging from physical abuse to lethal use of force. Although prior research has investigated the health consequences of exposure to police violence (EPV), EPV\u2019s relationship with protesters\u2019 mental health has not yet been examined. Therefore, we designed a cross-sectional study which included measures of self-reported EPV, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The computerized survey was disseminated among a large sample of Yellow Vests protesters in France (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 523; average protest attendance = 18). Overall, 49% of protesters displayed severe symptoms of depression and 15.5% met the criteria for provisory post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Subsequent analyses revealed, as expected, positive associations between EPV, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms in our sample (.30 &lt;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">d<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .63). These were robust to adjustment on several potential confounds (e.g., physical injuries, demographics, political extremism) and similar when analyzing provisory diagnoses rates (1.65 &lt; OR &lt; 3.02). This study is the first to assess potentially detrimental effects of EPV on mental health during protests. Furthermore, prevalence rates for both provisory depression and PTSD diagnoses were comparable with those found among war-refugee populations. We call for further research on EPV among various protester samples and use longitudinal designs to investigate a potent risk factor for mental health issues among civilian populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520935863","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T12:16:27Z","timestamp":1594210587000},"page":"2267-2288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Positive Links Between Exposure to Police Violence, PTSD, and Depression Symptoms Among Yellow Vests Protesters in France"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Elif","family":"\u00c7elebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istanbul \u015eehir University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2285-4114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jais","family":"Adam-Troian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Mahfud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paris 5 University, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000693"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.5.726"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"Algan Y. Beasley E. Cohen D. Foucault M. Peron M. (2019). Qui sont les Gilets jaunes et leurs soutiens? [Who are the Yellow Vests and their supporters?] (CEVIPOF Working Paper No. 2019-03). http:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/cevipof\/fr\/actualites\/qui-sont-les-gilets-jaunes-et-leurs-soutiens"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-003-0596-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-015-0064-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does violence interruption work?","volume":"8","author":"Brantingham P. J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brantingham P. J., Yuan B., Sundback N., Schoenberg F. P., Bertozzi A. L., Gordon J., \u2026 Malinowski S. (2018). 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