{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T21:26:34Z","timestamp":1793049994145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]],"date-time":"2020-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007891","name":"Ryerson University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["$85"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["$85"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Child marriage and intimate partner violence have been globally recognized as human rights violations. Both indicators can derail an individual\u2019s future and have various public health implications. Previous studies have shown an association between child marriage and domestic violence in low- and middle-income countries; however, data in Afghanistan are not known. This study aimed to assess the association between child marriage and domestic violence in Afghanistan. We used nationally representative data collected by the Demographic and Health Surveys to conduct logistic regression analyses. Child marriage was separated into three categories: very early marriage (&lt;15\u2009years), early marriage (15\u201317\u2009years), and adult marriage (\u226518\u2009years). Domestic violence was the response variable and was assessed as any violence, physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence. Of the sample (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 21,324), 15% of the respondents were married before the age of 15; 35% were married between the ages of 15 and 17; and 50% were married as adults. After adjusting for current age, place of residence, and socioeconomic status, the odds of sexual violence were 22% higher among women who married before age 15 compared with those married as adults (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.40],\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .005). However, the odds of reporting any violence, physical violence, and emotional violence among those who married as children did not differ compared with those who married as adults. This may be due to a shift in traditional norms or underreporting in Afghanistan. This study adds to the body of research on child marriage and intimate partner violence, and specifically provides novel information on this association in Afghanistan.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520951310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T02:00:44Z","timestamp":1598666444000},"page":"2948-2961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Association Between Child Marriage and Domestic Violence in Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5152-1506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mavra","family":"Qamar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Anne","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-8037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan L.","family":"Tustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Demographic and health surveys (DHS): Contributions and limitations","volume":"46","author":"Boerma T. J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Boerma T. J., Sommerfelt A. E. (1993). Demographic and health surveys (DHS): Contributions and limitations. World Health Statistics, 46, 222\u2013226.","journal-title":"World Health Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.28.178.13993"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"With all our strength: The revolutionary association of the women of Afghanistan","author":"Brodsky A. E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brodsky A. E. (2003). With all our strength: The revolutionary association of the women of Afghanistan. Routledge."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Building Resources Across Communities. (2017). Afghanistan. http:\/\/www.bracinternational.nl\/en\/where-we-work\/afghanistan\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20259"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys184"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","unstructured":"The DHS Program. (2015). Afghanistan. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/FR323\/FR323.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","unstructured":"The DHS Program. (2018). Demographic and health surveys. U.S. Agency for International Development. https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.8.811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2008.00173.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-003-0170-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","volume-title":"Rights in flux: The rights of Afghan women in different eras","author":"Drevitch K. A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drevitch K. A. (2010). Rights in flux: The rights of Afghan women in different eras [Master\u2019s thesis]. Duquesne University."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Forensic and psychiatric perspectives in domestic violence","volume":"11","author":"Dumbrava D. P.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumbrava D. P., Ureche D. I., Codrin R., Radu C. C., Chiroban O. (2019). Forensic and psychiatric perspectives in domestic violence. Human and Veterinary Medicine, 11, 32\u201336.","journal-title":"Human and Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00038-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1363\/3900613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/593333"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513505710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025443719490"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2001.00687.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/741954311"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","first-page":"662","article-title":"Child marriage and intimate partner violence: A comparative study of 34 countries","volume":"46","author":"Kidman R.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kidman R. (2017). Child marriage and intimate partner violence: A comparative study of 34 countries. International Journal of Epidemiology, 46(2), 662\u2013675.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515585533"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.12.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Child marriage: A silent health and human rights issue","volume":"2","author":"Nour N. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nour N. M. (2009). Child marriage: A silent health and human rights issue. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2(1), 51\u201356.","journal-title":"Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205276088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22381\/GHIR9120176"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","volume-title":"Guide to DHS statistics","author":"Rutstein S. O.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rutstein S. O., Rojas G. (2006). Guide to DHS statistics. Measure DHS\/ICF International."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260510372947"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","author":"UNICEF","year":"2018","unstructured":"UNICEF. (2018). Child marriage is a violation of human rights, but is all too common [UNICEF data: Monitoring the situation of children and women].","journal-title":"Child marriage is a violation of human rights, but is all too common"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","volume-title":"The power of 1.8 billion adolescents, youth and the transformation of the future","author":"United Nation","year":"2014","unstructured":"United Nation. (2014). The power of 1.8 billion adolescents, youth and the transformation of the future. The United Nations Population Fund."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2002). World report on violence and health summary. https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/world_report\/en\/summary_en.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2013). Child marriages: 39 000 every day. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2013\/child_marriage_20130307\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2015). Health in 2015 from MDGs to SDGs. http:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/publications\/mdgs-sdgs\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2017). Violence against women. http:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018). Adolescent pregnancy. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs364\/en\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-016-0520-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520951310","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520951310","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520951310","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:18:07Z","timestamp":1777504687000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520951310"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520951310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520951310","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,28]]}}}