{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T22:08:07Z","timestamp":1784153287254,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While existing studies have examined the effectiveness of school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs in China, there is currently little qualitative evidence on how stakeholders view these programs and research on CSA in China more generally. To address this research gap, the aims of this study were to explore stakeholders\u2019 perspectives on: (a) school-based CSA prevention programs in China; (b) the components of these programs; (c) CSA research in China. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 participants in Beijing and a county under Lanzhou City, China. Interview transcripts were systematically coded and emerging themes were developed from the codes. An inductive thematic analysis approach was utilized to analyze the interview data. Participants\u2019 perspectives on school-based CSA prevention programs included: (a) recognition of the importance of school-based CSA prevention programs; (b) fear about a possible negative impact on children participating in such programs;  (c) assessment that school-based CSA prevention programs alone are not enough to prevent CSA. Components that participants thought needed to be part of Chinese school-based CSA prevention programs were: (a) content regarding online-facilitated CSA; (b) the use of a rights-based approach; and (c) greater parental and community involvement. Participants also identified factors that have both fostered the implementation of CSA research (e.g., the growing awareness of CSA in the central government) and prevented researchers from effectively conducting CSA research:  (a) lack of national data; (b) inadequate government support; and (c) barriers to research collaboration among organizations. The findings indicate that while CSA prevention programs are on the whole regarded positively by key stakeholders in China, a number of important concerns were identified. Our study highlighted a number of ways in which future CSA prevention programs and research on CSA could be strengthened in the Chinese context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520959630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T06:08:39Z","timestamp":1600927719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["\u201cPrevention Alone Is Not Enough:\u201d Stakeholders\u2019 Perspectives About School-based Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Prevention Programs and CSA Research in China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4338-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengyao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Barlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Meinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom"},{"name":"North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, United States."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen K. P. Livingston J. A. & Nickerson A. B. (2019). Child sexual abuse prevention education: A qualitative study of teachers\u2019 experiences implementing the Second Step Child Protection Unit. American Journal of Sexuality Education 1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15546128.2019.1687382","DOI":"10.1080\/15546128.2019.1687382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.10.014"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies","volume":"33","author":"Atkinson R.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Atkinson R., , & Flint J. (2001). Accessing hidden and hard-to-reach populations: Snowball research strategies. Social Research Update, 33(1), 1\u20134.","journal-title":"Social Research Update"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Berrick J. D. & Gilbert N. (1991). With the best of intentions: The child sexual abuse prevention movement. Guilford Press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02185385.2018.1432411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15614260802349965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.14.140970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/foc.0.0035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)00111-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","unstructured":"Girls\u2019 Protecting Fund. (2019). http:\/\/www.cfcac.com.cn\/index.php?m=Xmjj&a= show&id=23"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","unstructured":"Han P. & Chen J. (2009). [Qualitative research of awareness on child sexual abuse in elementary school teachers] [Doctoral dissertation]. http:\/\/gb.oversea.cnki.net\/KCMS\/detail\/detail.aspx?filename=XDYF200918022&dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen K. Anderson S. & Plauborg R. (2010). Prevention of child sexual abuse: School and community efforts to prevent and treat sexual abuse. https:\/\/www.sdu.dk\/sif\/-\/media\/images\/sif\/udgivelser\/2010\/forebyggelse_af_seksuelle_overgreb_mod_boern_engelsk_resume.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(1998)103<0105:EOASAP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyx047"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","author":"Lu M.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu M., , Barlow J., , Meinck F., , Walsh K., , & Wu Y. (2020). Identification of the effective components in school-based child sexual abuse interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression [Manuscript in preparation].","journal-title":"Identification of the effective components in school-based child sexual abuse interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2004.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2012.675567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma Y. (2018). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse in China: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 27(2) 1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2018.1425944","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2018.1425944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","volume":"41","author":"Maxwell J. A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maxwell J. A. (2012). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach (Vol. 41). SAGE Publications.","journal-title":"Qualitative research design: An interactive approach"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","unstructured":"Muhr T. (2004). ATLAS.ti [Version 8.4.4]. ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH. http:\/\/www.atlasti.com\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parker C. Scott S. & Geddes A. (2019). Snowball sampling. In Atkinson P. Delamont S. Cernat A. Sakshaug J. W. & Williams R. A. (Eds.) SAGE Research Methods Foundations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781526421036831710","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526421036831710"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"Radford L. Allnock D. & Hynes P. (2014). Promising programmes to prevent and respond to child sexual abuse and exploitation. United Nations Children\u2019s Fund."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","unstructured":"Optimus Study. (2013). Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in China: Final report of the UBS Optimus Foundation. UBS Optimus Foundation."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3102\/0034654308325582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","unstructured":"UNICEF. (2018). About barefoot social workers. https:\/\/www.unicef.cn\/en\/reports\/about-barefoot-social-workers-factsheet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","unstructured":"UNESCO & UNFPA. (2018). Implementation of sexuality education in middle schools in China. https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000367530"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-011-9526-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walsh K. Zwi K. Woolfenden S. & Shlonsky A. (2015). School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse: A Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis. Research on Social Work Practice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1049731515619705","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004380.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(87)90074-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2909-2_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538710802584650"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-015-0277-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17525098.2014.962762"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-029071"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang W. Chen J. & Liu F. (2015). Preventing child sexual abuse early: Preschool teachers\u2019 knowledge attitudes and their training education in China. Sage Open 5(1) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244015571187","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015571187"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2013.811136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2007.5"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520959630","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520959630","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520959630","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:52:57Z","timestamp":1782755577000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520959630"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520959630"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520959630","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}}}