{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T18:44:50Z","timestamp":1782758690848,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Research is limited about whether and to what extent registered sex offenders (RSOs) face an increased risk of housing instability. The intersection of RSO and housing instability is particularly salient for veterans as there are disproportionately higher rates of veterans among both RSOs and homeless populations. This study assessed the relationship between RSO status and risk of housing instability and homelessness among military veterans. We matched a list of 373,774 RSOs obtained from publicly available sex offender registries in 19 states with a cohort of 5.9 million veterans who responded to a brief screening for housing instability administered throughout the Veterans Health Administration between 2012 and 2016. Logistic regression estimated adjusted odds of any housing instability and homelessness among veterans identified as RSOs. Veterans identified as RSOs had 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46\u20132.25) and 2.97 (95% CI 1.67\u20135.17) times greater odds of reporting any housing instability and homelessness, respectively, than non-RSOs. Findings represent some of the strongest evidence to date for the high risk of housing instability and homelessness among RSOs, suggesting a clear gap in policy and programmatic responses to their unique housing needs. Evidence-based alternative approaches to residence restriction laws may reduce recidivism and protect public safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520959646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T08:43:02Z","timestamp":1600764182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Association Between Registered Sex Offender Status and Risk of Housing Instability and Homelessness among Veterans\n                    <sup\/>\n                    *The contents of this article do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US government."],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Byrne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Social Work, Boston MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Cashy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Metraux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biden School of Public Policy &amp; Administration, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Blosnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Cusack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia, PA, USA"},{"name":"School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis P.","family":"Culhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Keith","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmett","family":"Culhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Elizabeth","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2330443X.2017.1389620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","first-page":"110","article-title":"Prevalence and risk of homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A multisite investigation","volume":"9","author":"Fargo J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fargo J., , Metraux S., , Byrne T., , Munley E. A., , Montgomery A. E., , Jones H., , Sheldon G., , & Culhane D. P. (2012). Prevalence and risk of homelessness among U.S. Veterans: A multisite investigation. Preventing Chronic Disease, 9, 110\u2013112.","journal-title":"Preventing Chronic Disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218793633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403409346118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786010802159822"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468017316654811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0887403413512326"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2016.0099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","unstructured":"National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. (2017). Map of registered sex offenders in the United States [Demographic map]. https:\/\/api.missingkids.org\/en_US\/documents\/Sex_Offenders_Map.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2012.667141"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2017.1377135"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Veteran non grata: Veteran sex offenders with service-related mental health conditions and the need to mitigate risk","volume":"6","author":"Seamone E. R.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seamone E. R., , Holliday S. B., , & Sreenivasan S. (2018). Veteran non grata: Veteran sex offenders with service-related mental health conditions and the need to mitigate risk. Virginia Journal of Criminal Law, 6(1), 182\u2013238.","journal-title":"Virginia Journal of Criminal Law"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128711399409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043986204271704"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2018). Community homeless assessment local education and networking groups (CHALENG) [Fact sheet]. https:\/\/www.va.gov\/HOMELESS\/docs\/CHALENG-2017-factsheet-508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885500080001002"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520959646","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520959646","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520959646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T17:59:51Z","timestamp":1782755991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520959646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520959646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520959646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]}}}