{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:36:36Z","timestamp":1777854996094,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Australia\u2019s fast-growing migrant population encompasses many groups from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. It is well documented that these groups experience varying pre- and post-migratory challenges. Despite this knowledge, little is known about the extent to which these groups experience and perceive violence and how or whether they seek assistance after such incidents. It is important to identify any potential discrepancies to ensure that services can provide the most targeted supports to victims. Data were collected from the 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Public Safety Survey. Using chi-square tests, prevalence, experiences, and perceptions of violence occurring after the age of 15, postincident support, reporting behaviors, and health variables related to violent incidents were compared across three cultural groups arranged by region of birth: born in Australia (BIA), born overseas in main English-speaking countries (BNMESC), and born overseas in non-English-speaking countries (BOC). BOC individuals reported much lower rates of violent victimization compared to BIA and BMSEC individuals. More than two-thirds of each cultural group did not report their most recent experience of violence to police. Violence was most commonly experienced at home, although a higher proportion of BIA individuals experienced violence at an entertainment venue, and a higher proportion of BOC individuals experienced violence outside (i.e., in the street). The contribution of Alcohol\/Substances was much higher for BIA and BMESC compared to BOC individuals. BOC individuals experienced more anxiety post-incident, while more BIA individuals sustained physical injuries. A similar proportion of each group sought assistance post-incident, however, more BOC individuals had never told anyone about the incident. Perceptions of the violent incident were generally similar across groups, though fewer BOC individuals perceived the incident to be a crime. Some differences were apparent across cultural groups regarding the prevalence, experiences and reporting of violent incidents. Implications and future research directions are discussed within.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520966676","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T05:04:22Z","timestamp":1602824662000},"page":"NP6301-NP6328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring Differences in the Experiences, Perceptions and Reporting of Violent Incidents in Australia by Country of Birth"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Casey","family":"Anthony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imogen","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda J.","family":"Ashford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Spivak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3078-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephane M.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000312249906400307"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520966676","volume":"1","author":"Allimant A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian Centre for the Study of Sexual Assault (ACSSA) Wrap"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2017).\n                      2016 Personal safety survey (PSS) question specifications\n                      . https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/DetailsPage\/4906.0.55.0032016?OpenDocument"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018a).\n                      3417.0\u2014Understanding migrant outcomes\u2014Insights from the Australian census and migrants integrated dataset, Australia, 2016\n                      . https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/Lookup\/3417.0Main+Features22016?OpenDocument"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2018b).\n                      Crime victimisation, Australia, 2017\u201318\n                      (Catalogue No. 4530.0). https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats\/abs@.nsf\/mf\/4530.0"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2019).\n                      Australian demographic statistics, Mar 2019.\n                      (Catalogue No. 3101.0). https:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/AUSSTATS\/abs@.nsf\/mf\/3101.0"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Council of Social Service [ACOSS]. (2018).\n                      Poverty in Australia 2018.\n                      https:\/\/www.acoss.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ACOSS_Poverty-in-Australia-Report_Web-Final.pdf"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Government. (2017).\n                      Australian labour market update\n                      . Department of Employment, Australian Government. https:\/\/docs.employment.gov.au\/system\/files\/doc\/other\/july_2017_almu.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2018).\n                      Australians health 2018.\n                      https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/getmedia\/f3ba8e92-afb3-46d6-b64c-ebfc9c1f945d\/aihw-aus-221-chapter-5-3.pdf.asp"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260520966676","author":"Bartels L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crime prevention programs for culturally and linguistically diverse communities in Australia"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azv067"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260520966676","author":"Chemali N.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aussie pub culture was a mystery for migrants like my family."},{"key":"bibr16-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/cjccj.53.1.1"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506289177"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07256868.2013.781981"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026975800701400104"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260520966676","author":"Commonwealth of Australia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australia\u2019s offshore humanitarian program 2018\u201319"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269758019869108"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Department of Home Affairs. (2019).\n                      2017\u201318 migration program report.\n                      https:\/\/www.homeaffairs.gov.au\/research-and-stats\/files\/report-migration-program-2017-18.pdf"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260520966676","author":"Donnelly N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The effect of lockout and last drinks laws on non-domestic assaults in Sydney: An update to September 2016"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.02.009"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260520966676","author":"Jenkinson R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Settlement experiences of recently arrived humanitarian migrants"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0723-0"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(96)00035-9"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/S1521-6136(2009)0000013009"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/prp.4.1.19"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-4458-7-23"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520966676","author":"Morgan A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Key issues in alcohol-related violence"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626002237854"},{"key":"bibr32a-0886260520966676","author":"O\u2019Dwyer M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Finding satisfying work: The experiences of recent migrants with low level English"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260520966676","author":"Putt J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Community policing in Australia"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260520966676","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Sampson R. 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(2019).\n                      Access to justice for people from refugee and migrant backgrounds in Australia\n                      . http:\/\/scoa.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/SCoA-Policy-Focus-_-Access-to-justice-for-people-from-refugee-and-migrant-backgrounds-in-Australia_Feb-2019.pdf"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260520966676","author":"Simon-Davies J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Population and migration statistics in Australia"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2015.1053164"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2015.1124959"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/ijps.2008.10.4.094"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260520966676","author":"Taylor N.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Community attitudes to violence against women survey 2006: A full technical report"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260520966676","unstructured":"Webster K., Vaughan C., Yasmin R., Diemer K., Honey N.,Mickle J., Morgan J., Parkes A., Politoff V., Powell A., Stubbs J. & Ward A. (2019). Attitudes towards violence against women and gender equality among people from non-English speaking countries: Findings from the 2017 National Community Attitudes towards Violence against Women Survey (NCAS) (ANROWS Insights, Issue 02\/2019). ANROWS."},{"key":"bibr42-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5204\/ijcjsd.v7i2.489"},{"key":"bibr43-0886260520966676","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-016-0402-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520966676","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520966676","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520966676","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:18:23Z","timestamp":1777504703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520966676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520966676"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520966676","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]}}}