{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:38:14Z","timestamp":1777855094636,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The global and national push to strengthen informal institutions\u2019 role in increasing rural households\u2019 access to justice has often met with skepticism in South Asia. This is because the impact of such initiatives on women\u2019s welfare is debatable in many contexts due to reports of informal institutions\u2019 hostile and oppressive behavior toward women. This study contributes to this debate by presenting the first empirical evidence of gender difference in trust in informal village institutions. The study also tests the relationship between a husband\u2019s trust in informal institutions and his tendency to commit physical violence against his wife. It uses the Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey datasets of more than 2,000 households from three provinces (Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan. Trust in local political institutions is measured by (a) respondent\u2019s reliance on village institutions for handling general community affairs and maintaining law and order and (b) respondent\u2019s perceptions of local government\u2019s effectiveness in dispute settlement and ensuring public security. Men\u2019s and women\u2019s trust in informal village institutions and their perceptions of these institutions\u2019 legitimacy do not significantly differ in most cases. Women exhibit a greater trust and confidence in informal institutions that hold regular resident meetings than in those that do not. The results also reveal a significant negative relationship between a husband\u2019s trust in informal institutions and the incidence of physical violence against his wife. Greater trust in informal institutions has a significant positive correlation with a husband\u2019s psychological well-being, his relationship with family, and his perceptions of institutional legitimacy. The findings imply that well-performing informal institutions work as an indirect deterrent for domestic violence in the study areas of Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520970309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T06:35:56Z","timestamp":1604385356000},"page":"NP7654-NP7678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Link Between a Husband\u2019s Trust in Informal Institutions and Domestic Violence Against His Wife: Evidence From Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5644-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Akter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/707765"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2018.12.015"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014526065"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509354512"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr5-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129790","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129790","volume":"10","author":"Aslam S. K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/auk-1991-0102"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212452104"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520970309","unstructured":"DCAF, OSCE\/ODIHR, UN Women. (2019).\n                      Gender and security toolkit\n                      : Justice and gender. https:\/\/www.osce.org\/odihr\/440831"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(13)70074-3"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1332\/239868017X14907152523430"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26417\/ejser.v10i2.p297-304"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198701996.003.0017"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6435.2006.00319.x"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260520970309","unstructured":"Human Rights Commission of Pakistan. (2020).\n                      State of human rights in 2019\n                      . http:\/\/hrcp-web.org\/hrcpweb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/REPORT_State-of-Human-Rights-in-2019-20190503.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260520970309","unstructured":"International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Innovative Development Strategies (IDS). (2014).\n                      Pakistan rural household panel survey (PRHPS) 2012, Round 1\n                      [Dataset]. https:\/\/10.7910\/DVN\/28558"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260520970309","first-page":"172","author":"Irfan H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Marginalized communities and access to justice"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09584935.2019.1573214"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azs032"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00294-5"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10357820802062181"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260520970309","author":"Klugman J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gender based violence and the law. Background paper for the World Development Report 2017: Governance and the law"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11482-018-9606-3"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515585533"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6765.2010.01930.x"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0010414001034001002"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260520970309","author":"Mohmand S. K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Supporting decentralization in Macedonia: An assessment of SDC\u2019s support to decentralization in Macedonia"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr29-0886260520970309","first-page":"1591","volume":"27","author":"Nasir A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science International (Lahore)"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17265\/2159-5313\/2016.09.003"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520970309","unstructured":"National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) (Pakistan) & ICF International. (2013).\n                      Pakistan demographic and health survey 2012\u201313\n                      . https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/fr290\/fr290.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr32-0886260520970309","first-page":"184","volume":"9","author":"Naz S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260520970309","unstructured":"New York Times. (2017).\n                      Pakistani village council arrested after ordering teenage girl\u2019s rape\n                      . https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/07\/27\/world\/asia\/pakistan-girl-rape-council-arrest.html"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192512101222004"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-010-9719-z"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260520970309","author":"Patnam M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Power, politics and public good provision: Understanding institutional persistence in rural Punjab"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012445641"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5129\/001041508X12911362383354"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5328.918"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00068-8"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2013.00356.x"},{"key":"bibr42-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2014.09.001"},{"key":"bibr43-0886260520970309","author":"Shinwari N. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Understanding the informal justice system: Opportunities and possibilities for legal pluralism in Pakistan"},{"key":"bibr44-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1320345"},{"key":"bibr45-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esr\/jcu073"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr46-0886260520970309","first-page":"42","volume":"2","author":"Soomro A. N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of African & Asian Local Government Studies"},{"key":"bibr47-0886260520970309","unstructured":"The World Bank. (2018).\n                      Delivering rural justice through community owned courts in Bihar. The World Bank in India Newsletter\n                      , 17(2). http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/505441539091790673\/pdf\/The-World-Bank-in-India-Newsletter-vol-17-no-2.pdf"},{"key":"bibr48-0886260520970309","unstructured":"UN Women. (2018).\n                      Facts and figures: Ending violence against women\n                      . https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/facts-and-figures"},{"key":"bibr49-0886260520970309","unstructured":"UNDP, UNICEF, & UN Women. (2012).\n                      Informal justice systems. Charting a course for human rights-based engagement. A study of informal justice systems: Access to justice and human rights\n                      . https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/digital-library\/publications\/2013\/1\/informal-justice-systems-charting-a-course-for-human-rights-based-engagement"},{"key":"bibr50-0886260520970309","unstructured":"UNDP. (2010).\n                      Sharing experience in access to justice. Engaging with non-state justice systems & conducting assessments\n                      . Access to Justice Week Summary of Presentations and Discussions. UNDP Asia Pacific Regional Centre. https:\/\/www.asia-pacific.undp.org\/content\/rbap\/en\/home\/library\/democratic_governance\/sharing-experiences-A2J.html"},{"key":"bibr51-0886260520970309","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2018).\n                      Global study on homicide: Gender-related killing of women and girls\n                      . https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/data-and-analysis\/GSH2018\/GSH18_Gender-related_killing_of_women_and_girls.pdf"},{"key":"bibr53-0886260520970309","unstructured":"WHO (World Health Organization). (2005).\n                      Multi-country study on women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women. Initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women\u2019s responses\n                      . https:\/\/www.who.int\/reproductivehealth\/publications\/violence\/24159358X\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr54-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/jel.38.3.595"},{"key":"bibr55-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2010.533687"},{"key":"bibr56-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9221.2012.00893.x"},{"key":"bibr57-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-016-0584-3"},{"key":"bibr58-0886260520970309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-015-9742-6"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520970309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520970309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520970309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:18:33Z","timestamp":1777504713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520970309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520970309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520970309","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]}}}