{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T22:36:10Z","timestamp":1788561370137,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior research among military personnel has indicated that sexual harassment, stalking, and sexual assault during military service are related to negative health sequelae. However, research specific to LGBT U.S. service members is limited. The current study aimed to explore the health, service utilization, and service-related impact of stalking and sexual victimization experiences in a sample of active-duty LGBT U.S. service members ( N = 248). Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit study participants. U.S. service members were eligible to participate if they were 18 years or older and active-duty members of the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, or U.S. Air Force. This study included a sizeable portion of transgender service members ( N = 58, 23.4%). Sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of military service, health, and sexual and stalking victimization in the military were assessed. Regression was used to examine relationships between health and service outcomes and sexual and stalking victimization during military service. Final adjusted models showed that experiencing multiple forms of victimization in the military increased the odds of visiting a mental health clinician and having elevated somatic symptoms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology, anxiety, and suicidality. Sexual and stalking victimization during U.S. military service was statistically significantly related to the mental and physical health of LGBT U.S. service members. Interventions to reduce victimization experiences and support LGBT U.S. service members who experience these types of violence are indicated. Research that examines the role of LGBT individuals\u2019 experiences and organizational and peer factors, including social support, leadership characteristics, and institutional policies in the United States military is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520970312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T03:44:16Z","timestamp":1604029456000},"page":"NP7554-NP7579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Health and Service-related Impact of Sexual and Stalking Victimization During United States Military Service on LGBT Service Members"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1591-8239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cary Leonard","family":"Klemmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Schuyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Rose","family":"Mamey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6352-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheree M.","family":"Schrager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"California State University Northridge, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Andrew","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Goldbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian W.","family":"Holloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr2-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1697-6"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22280"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-17-00204"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301507"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024609"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Burrelli D. (2010).\n                      \u201cDon\u2019t Ask, Don\u2019t Tell:\u201d The law and military policy on same-sex behavior\n                      . Federal Publications. https:\/\/digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu\/key_workplace\/727"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009334456"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7438-2_10"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2018.07.006"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt005"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2019.1571887"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2015, June 8).\n                      Department of defense military equal opportunity (MEO) program\n                      . https:\/\/www.esd.whs.mil\/Portals\/54\/Documents\/DD\/issuances\/dodd\/102002p.pdf?ver=2018-06-01-074317-690"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2017).\n                      2016 workplace and gender relations survey of active duty members: Statistical methodology report\n                      . Ft. Office of People Analytics. https:\/\/apps.dtic.mil\/dtic\/tr\/fulltext\/u2\/1032761.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Department of Defense. (2019).\n                      2018 workplace and gender relations survey among active duty service members\n                      . https:\/\/urldefense.com\/v3\/__https:\/\/www.dmdc.osd.mil\/appj\/dwp\/rest\/download?fileName=WGRA1801_SMR-Final-DTIC.pdf&groupName=pubGenderActive__;!!LIr3w8kk_Xxm!7AekyiA-ReJdY1Z4HW4gKjB5tFeLM8307rws9VnFv7BGMpRsC-UqypFprF740kg$"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Gaouette N. (2019, April 12). Pentagon transgender ban goes into effect.\n                      CNN\n                      . https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/04\/12\/politics\/transgender-troop-ban-starts\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029597"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2014.11.007"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.05.015"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033051"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.009"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0047"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tps0000098"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518760015"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000756"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/cou0000019"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22146"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22308"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp1103_5"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.11.007"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964280009595750"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-17-00003"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2017.814153"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Morral A. 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(2014).\n                      Rape and sexual assault victimization among college-age females, 1995\u20132013\n                      . U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics."},{"key":"bibr50-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"bibr51-0886260520970312","unstructured":"StataCorp. (2015).\n                      Stata statistical software: Release 14\n                      . StataCorp LP."},{"key":"bibr52-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Love is Respect. (n.d.).\n                      Types of abuse\n                      . https:\/\/www.loveisrespect.org\/is-this-abuse\/types-of-abuse\/"},{"key":"bibr53-0886260520970312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.32.2.117.24398"},{"key":"bibr54-0886260520970312","unstructured":"Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). (2006). 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