{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:59:11Z","timestamp":1790985551629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9-10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Though college women report high rates of sexual assault, less is known about how protective and risk factors are uniquely associated with assault among heterosexual and sexual minority women. As such, the current study examined protective factors (i.e., maternal relationship quality and religiosity) and risk factors (i.e., child sexual abuse, parent substance misuse, and risky behaviors) for coercive sexual assault and total sexual assault and whether they vary by sexual orientation among college women. Data were gathered in the 2013\u20132014 academic year at two large public universities in the United States, one in the Midwest and one in the Southeast. Data for the current study included 755 college women, 72 (9.5%) of whom identified as sexual minority. Bivariate results showed that heterosexual women reported greater maternal relationship quality and greater religiosity compared to sexual minority women, while sexual minority women reported more risky sexual behaviors and having experienced more coercive sexual assault than heterosexual women. Multivariate results revealed that child sexual abuse, parent drinking problems, maternal relationship quality, heavy drinking, hooking up, and risky sexual behaviors were significantly associated with total sexual assault. Significant correlates of coercive sexual assault included child sexual abuse, maternal relationship quality, hooking up, and risky sexual behaviors. The relationship between maternal relationship quality and total sexual assault varied by sexual orientation as did the relationship between hooking up and coercive sexual assault. These findings have implications for targeted interventions to improve prevention of sexual assault among heterosexual and sexual minority college women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520976224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T05:58:31Z","timestamp":1606543111000},"page":"NP8032-NP8055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Risk Factors for Sexual Assault of Heterosexual and Sexual Minority College Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9574-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lora K.","family":"McGraw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2124-2266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie Gordon","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00669.x"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v11n04_02"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427801038001001"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumer E. P. & South S. J. (2001). Community effect on youth sexual activity.\n                      Journal of Marriage and Family\n                      , 63, 540\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1741.3737.2001.00540.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2001.00540.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.197251"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/353864"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2011.614903"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520976224","first-page":"1","author":"Cantor D.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and sexual misconduct"},{"key":"bibr9-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1131344"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0762-8"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514535260"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016631129"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260520976224","author":"Fisher B. S.","year":"2000","journal-title":"The sexual victimization of college women"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506295354"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00441.x"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205277358"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.01.012"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260520976224","author":"Hindelang M. J.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Victims of personal crime: An empirical foundation for a theory of personal victimization"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hodgins D. C., Maticka-Tyndale E., El-Guebaly N. & West M. (1993). The CAST-6: Development of a short-form of the children of alcoholics screening test.\n                      Addictive Behaviors\n                      , 18, 337\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4603(93)90035-80","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(93)90035-8"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2011.637247"},{"key":"bibr22-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2006.12.002"},{"key":"bibr23-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2013.824478"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1067828X.2012.636704"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-013-9769-3"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.20270"},{"key":"bibr27-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186471"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015005003"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2010.06.004"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801209334472"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2004.65.37"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.27.1.78"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.1990.tb00403.x"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260520976224","unstructured":"National Sexual Violence Resource Center. (2015).\n                      Statistics about sexual violence\n                      . http:\/\/www.nsvrc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/publications_nsvrc_factsheet_media-packet_statistics-about-sexual-violence_0.pdf"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.556"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509354581"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poulson R. L., Eppler M. A., Satterwhite T. N., Wuensch K. L. & Bass L. A. (1998). Alcohol consumption, strength of religious beliefs, and risky sexual behavior in college students.\n                      Journal of American College Health\n                      , 46, 227\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/074484898096002277","DOI":"10.1080\/07448489809600227"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260518758332"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558403260019"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000240"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.25.1.363"},{"key":"bibr42-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620802296279"},{"key":"bibr43-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/jcfs.35.4.547"},{"key":"bibr44-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034639"},{"key":"bibr45-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-014-0087-1"},{"key":"bibr46-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519842178"},{"key":"bibr47-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018914"},{"key":"bibr48-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-010-0168-3"},{"key":"bibr49-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2003.08.040"},{"key":"bibr50-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2004.00143.x"},{"key":"bibr51-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tjaden P., Thoennes N. (2006).\n                      Extent, nature, and consequences of rape victimization: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey\n                      (Report No. 210346). National Institute of Justice. http:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/pdffiles1\/nij\/210346.pdf","DOI":"10.1037\/e513832006-001"},{"key":"bibr52-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513520230"},{"key":"bibr53-0886260520976224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515591280"},{"key":"bibr54-0886260520976224","author":"Weber M.","year":"1958","journal-title":"The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520976224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0886260520976224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0886260520976224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:18:38Z","timestamp":1777504718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260520976224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9-10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0886260520976224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520976224","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]}}}