{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:37:29Z","timestamp":1777855049146,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Professionals who counsel and serve survivors of childhood abuse may be at risk of experiencing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can be exacerbated by cognitive and emotional processes. It is hypothesized that (1) a significant proportion of professionals who primarily serve child abuse survivors experience elevated levels of PTSD symptoms and (2) elevated PTSD symptoms are associated with psychological inflexibility processes, specifically increased experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and emotion regulation difficulties. Child abuse counselors and service workers ( N = 31) in a major metropolitan area were recruited for a small pilot study. Participants completed self-report measures of PTSD symptoms and levels of psychological flexibility processes. A significant proportion of counselors endorsed clinically significant PTSD symptoms ( n = 13, 41.9%). PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with experiential avoidance ( r = .54, p &lt; .01) and emotion regulation difficulties ( r = .51, p &lt; .01). These associations remained significant after controlling for the personality trait of emotional stability\/neuroticism. These findings suggest that PTSD symptoms may be common among child abuse counselors and service workers, and these symptoms tend to be of greater intensity when responded to in avoidant and inflexible ways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520976225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T13:02:08Z","timestamp":1607605328000},"page":"NP10382-NP10392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Experiential Avoidance and Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Child Abuse Counselors and Service Workers: A Brief Report"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6150-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James I.","family":"Gerhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"},{"name":"Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anissa J.","family":"Maffett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Lorbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley Eaton","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"O\u2019Mahony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764008099123"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batten S. V. & Orsillo S. M. (2002). Therapist reactions in the context of collective trauma.\n                      The Behavior Therapist\n                      , 25(2), 36\u201340. https:\/\/search-ebscohost-com.proxy.lib.uiowa.edu\/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2002-13722-004","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2002.tb02488.x"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.03.007"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brief-treatment\/mhj001"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr5-0886260520976225","first-page":"57","volume":"6","author":"Boscarino J. A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Emergency Mental Health"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J394v04n03_05"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21845"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260520976225","author":"Costa P. 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(2012).\n                      Using the PTSD checklist (PCL)\n                      . Retrieved September 30, 2019, from https:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/"},{"key":"bibr24-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216315596459"},{"key":"bibr25-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394258949.ch6","author":"Resick P. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopathology: History, diagnosis, and empirical foundations"},{"key":"bibr26-0886260520976225","unstructured":"Rousseeuw P. J., Croux C., Todorov V., Ruckstuhl A., Salibian-Barrera M., Verbeke T., Koller Manuel, M. Conceicao, E. L. T., Palma di, M. A. & Maechler M. (2009). Robustbase: Basic robust statistics.\n                      R package version 0.4-5, URL\n                      http:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=robustbase."},{"key":"bibr27-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2014.12.002"},{"key":"bibr28-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.09.003"},{"key":"bibr29-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stevens N. R., Ziadni M. S., Lillis T. A., Gerhart J., Baker C. & Hobfoll S. E. (2019). Perceived lack of training moderates relationship between healthcare providers\u2019 personality and sense of efficacy in trauma-informed care.\n                      Anxiety, Stress, & Coping\n                      , 32(6), 679\u2013693.","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2019.1645835"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.10.001"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520976225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-8343(02)00203-7"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260520976225","author":"Weathers F. 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