{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T01:32:58Z","timestamp":1785634378506,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11-12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The study was an attempt to identify demographic, household, and women empowerment factors that predicted emotional, physical, and sexual violence in ever-married women of reproductive age (15\u201349 years, n = 3,965) in Pakistan by performing secondary analysis on Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2017\u20132018. The analysis was done using SPSS (v.22) and binary and multivariate logistic regression techniques were performed for analyses. The analysis found that 30.2% of women experienced emotional, 24.1% reported less severe physical, 6.5% experienced severe physical, and 4.3% experienced sexual violence, respectively. The multivariate analysis found that husband\u2019s age, education, wealth, and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of intimate partner violence (IPV). Additionally, womens\u2019 age, education, and number of children also significantly predicted IPV. With respect to empowerment variables, ownership of house was a significant predictor of less severe physical violence, ownership of property significantly predicted emotional violence, and autonomy in household purchase decisions was significantly related to severe physical violence. The control on husband\u2019s income as a measure of empowerment significantly predicted all four types of IPV. Belief in patriarchy also turned out to be an important factor in determining emotional and less severe physical violence. The study concludes that women empowerment in household context can prevent less serious forms of violence but to hinder serious forms of violence, interventions at family and community level will be required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520980380","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T21:32:18Z","timestamp":1610659938000},"page":"NP10060-NP10092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Empowerment and IPV in Married Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Pakistan Demographic Health Survey 2017\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6933-9430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Vaqas","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jawad","family":"Tariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5118-1"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03081060.2018.1488932"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S17016"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260520980380","first-page":"1","volume":"12","author":"Allen C. 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(2018).\n                      Guide to DHS Statistics: DHS-7\n                      . https:\/\/dhsprogram.com\/pubs\/pdf\/DHSG1\/Guide_to_DHS_Statistics_DHS-7.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v3i1.76"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0441-8"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260520980380","author":"Dixon J. 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(2018).\n                      Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017\u20132018\n                      . https:\/\/www.nips.org.pk\/abstract_files\/PDHS%20-%202017-18%20Key%20indicator%20Report%20Aug%202018.pdf"},{"key":"bibr30-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-011-9375-3"},{"key":"bibr31-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082423"},{"key":"bibr32-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.042"},{"key":"bibr33-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167295216002"},{"key":"bibr34-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2017.09.005"},{"key":"bibr35-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.023366"},{"key":"bibr36-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509340550"},{"key":"bibr37-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2016.1191914"},{"key":"bibr38-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10060676"},{"key":"bibr39-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-9-14"},{"key":"bibr40-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jid.1500"},{"key":"bibr41-0886260520980380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260504267760"},{"key":"bibr42-0886260520980380","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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