{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:33:24Z","timestamp":1777854804150,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the post-incarceration reintegration experiences of military veterans convicted of sex offenses and identify potential interventions to ease reintegration for this population. Participants were a convenience sample of 14 veterans who were on sex offender (SO) registries and 21 community stakeholders involved in supporting persons during re-entry. Subjects were identified purposively and through snowball sampling, in Massachusetts. We employed semi-structured qualitative interviews of participants, followed by analysis including process mapping to identify barrier and facilitation points. We used both a grounded thematic approach and a priori codes, guided by the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations. We found re-entry barriers include older age, stigma, lack of social support, inadequate information about sexual offense levels, limited housing options and access to mental health treatment to reduce sexual impulses, and re-entry information tailored to SOs. Re-entry facilitators include access to SO treatment, knowledge about services, self-efficacy, ability to self-advocate, and social support. Interventions to aid successful re-entry include pre-release counseling and classes tailored to SO needs, re-entry planning including housing resources, sexual deviance treatment, and referral to legal counseling to assist with altering assigned SO level. Specific needs and resources unique to veterans should be integrated into reentry plans. Convicted SOs often lack information and assistance to prepare for life after release, putting them at increased risk of homelessness, emotional difficulties, and financial hardship. Failure to recognize the unique needs of this population, and to leverage resources, creates a public health risk as it increases the likelihood that SOs will recidivate. Veterans who are SOs have unique resources available to them through the Veterans Administration such as SO treatment and peer-support specialists. Nevertheless there are additional steps that could be beneficial, such as timely provision of information, creating more opportunities for treatment, and providing more housing options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211016344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T23:57:21Z","timestamp":1622073441000},"page":"NP15231-NP15254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Protecting the Public\u2019s Health Through Successful Reentry for Sex Offender After Incarceration"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Molly","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RAND, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justeen","family":"Hyde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiffany L.","family":"Lemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten E.","family":"Scharer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-5470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Keith","family":"McInnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bibr1-08862605211016344","first-page":"275","volume":"19","author":"Aos S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Federal Sentencing Report"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1584-x"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.724"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211016344","author":"Bronson J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Veterans in prison and jail, 2011\u201312"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211016344","unstructured":"Byrne T., Cashy J., Metraux S., Blosnich J. R., Cusack M., Culhane D. P., Mclnnes D. K., Culhane E. & Montgomery A. E. 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(2020).\n                      VA\u2019s community-based programs to end veteran homelessness\n                      . https:\/\/www.va.gov\/homeless\/for_the_community.asp"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X01456002"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr9-08862605211016344","first-page":"13","volume":"5","author":"Eibner C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rand Health Quarterly"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063218793633"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr11-08862605211016344","first-page":"303","volume":"23","author":"Freeman-Longo R. 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Modeling cancer registration processes with an enhanced activity diagram.\n                      Methods of Information in Medicine\n                      , 44(1), 11-13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1267\/METH05010011","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633917"},{"key":"bibr20-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063208317540"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr21-08862605211016344.1","unstructured":"Office of Public Affairs and Media Relations. (2015). Fact sheet: Community homelessness assessment, local education and networking groups (CHALENG) for fiscal year"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr21-08862605211016344.2","unstructured":"(FY) 2015. http:\/\/www.va.gov\/HOMELESS\/docs\/CHALENG-2015-factsheet-FINAL-0616.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605211016344","author":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Housing, Office of Public and Indian Housing","year":"2012","journal-title":"State registered lifetime sex offenders in federally assisted housing"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S89479"},{"key":"bibr24-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X07308108"},{"key":"bibr25-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1151\/ascp09514"},{"key":"bibr26-08862605211016344","author":"QSR International Pty Ltd","year":"2014","journal-title":"NVivo qualitative data analysis software (Version 10)"},{"key":"bibr27-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2572-x"},{"key":"bibr28-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105307080612"},{"key":"bibr29-08862605211016344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2011.636690"},{"key":"bibr30-08862605211016344","unstructured":"VHA Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) Program Handbook (2014). Department of Veterans Affairs."},{"key":"bibr31-08862605211016344","unstructured":"VHA Health Care for Reentry Veterans (HCRV) Program Handbook. (2014)."},{"key":"bibr32-08862605211016344","author":"Yin R. 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