{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:13:42Z","timestamp":1793121222674,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are many methodological issues in studying sexual violence, including potential framing effects. Framing effects refer to how researchers communicate the purpose of a study to participants, such as, how the study is advertised or explained. The aim of this study was to investigate if framing effects were associated with differences in participants\u2019 self-reported experiences of sexual violence and related correlates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>College students ( N = 782) were recruited to participate in one of four identical studies that differed in the title: \u201cQuestionnaires about Alcohol,\u201d \u201cQuestionnaires about Crime,\u201d \u201cQuestionnaires about Health,\u201d or \u201cQuestionnaires about Sexual Assault.\u201d Participants chose one of the four studies and completed measures of sexual violence as well as attitudinal and behavioral measures in randomized order.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significantly more reports of childhood sexual abuse (33.6% vs. 18.5%), rape (33.9% vs. 21.1%), higher frequency of victimization ( M = 11.35 vs. 5.44), and greater acknowledged rape for bisexual people (46.2% vs. 0.0%) in the sexual assault (SA) condition compared to other conditions. There were no differences in sexual violence perpetration or attitudinal or behavioral measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results revealed that framing effects, based on the study title, affect outcomes in sexual victimization research. Rape was reported 1.6\u00d7 more in the \u201cSexual Assault\u201d condition than in the \u201cHealth\u201d condition. It is unclear whether these framing effects reflect self-selection bias or framing related increased reports in the SA condition, suppression of reports in other conditions, or a combination thereof.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211016349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]],"date-time":"2021-05-15T07:35:16Z","timestamp":1621064116000},"page":"NP15359-NP15383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Study Title-Based Framing Effects on Reports of Sexual Violence and Associated Risk Factors in College Students"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RaeAnn E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota, USA"},{"name":"Kent State University, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily M. Carstens","family":"Namie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige K.","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Dakota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas L.","family":"Delahanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kent State University, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.13.3.174"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.2002.s14.118"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000378"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2005.00236.x"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014521031"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-019-05309-8"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043986220936108"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/sgd0000204"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1330296"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/men0000073"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/vio0000384"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033376"},{"key":"bibr13-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014557290"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.03.012"},{"key":"bibr15-08862605211016349","unstructured":"Basile K. C., Smith S., Breiding M. J., Black M. C., Mahendra R. (2014).\n                      Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 2.0\n                      . https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/sv_surveillance_definitionsl-2009-a.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"bibr17-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JACPR-05-2017-0292"},{"key":"bibr18-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519871530"},{"key":"bibr19-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/297758"},{"key":"bibr20-08862605211016349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509346063"},{"key":"bibr21-08862605211016349","unstructured":"Connors G. J., Volk R. J. (2004). Self-report screening for alcohol problems among adults. In J. P. Allen & M. 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