{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T14:09:06Z","timestamp":1778767746996,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common problem for women in the United States and is associated with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as hazardous use of substances like alcohol and drugs. However, not all subtypes of IPV (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological) are equally predictive of PTSD and hazardous substance use. Although previous research suggests that psychological IPV has the strongest relative effect on PTSD symptoms and substance use, there is less research on IPV subtypes\u2019 cumulative effects. In this study, we examined the relative and cumulative effects of physical, sexual, and psychological IPV on PTSD symptoms and hazardous substance use in a sample of women in the United States recruited via Amazon\u2019s Mechanical Turk ( N = 793) using bootstrapped multiple regression and configural frequency analyses. Results suggest that physical IPV had the most pronounced influence (medium-large effect sizes) on substance use across women, but that the cumulative effects of all three IPV subtypes were most closely associated with diagnostic levels of both PTSD and substance use at the level of groups of women. These findings clarify and extend previous research on the differential effects of IPV subtypes and provide directions for future research and clinical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211021963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T20:20:02Z","timestamp":1623356402000},"page":"NP16236-NP16252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association Between Intimate Partner Violence Subtypes and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Hazardous Substance Use"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1965-0041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Yalch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sloane R. M.","family":"Rickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605211021963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605211021963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0044-3409\/a000025"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211021963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211021963","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10464-005-6232-7"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211021963","first-page":"797","volume":"1","author":"Bogat G. A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Developmental psychopathology: Theory and method"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605211021963","unstructured":"Bowlby J. (1982). Attachment and loss. 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