{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:33:36Z","timestamp":1777854816873,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic may be experienced as traumatogenic and may fuel or exacerbate psychological distress and trauma-related symptoms. Based on trauma research, one might expect that survivors of childhood abuse would be susceptible to these negative outcomes during the pandemic, and that among this population a stronger relation between emotion regulation difficulties and symptomatology would be found. Aiming to explore these suppositions, an online survey was conducted among 710 Israeli adults. Of them, 370 were childhood abuse survivors. A history of childhood abuse, COVID-19-related stressors, overall psychological distress, and peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic were assessed via self-report measures. Participants with a history of childhood abuse had elevated overall psychological distress as well as peritraumatic stress symptoms during the pandemic, compared to nonabused participants, above and beyond demographic characteristics and COVID-19-related stressors. Emotion regulation difficulties were related to elevated psychological distress and peritraumatic stress symptoms among both childhood abuse survivors and nonabused participants. Nonetheless, a history of childhood abuse moderated the relations between the emotion regulation difficulty of being unable to engage in goal-directed behaviors when distressed (on one hand) and mental outcomes (on the other): Although the associations between inability to engage in goal-directed behaviors, overall psychological distress, and peritraumatic stress symptoms were nonsignificant among nonabused participants, they were significant among childhood abuse survivors. The current findings suggest that a history of childhood abuse might be a risk factor for distress in the face of COVID-19, and that childhood abuse survivors would benefit from clinical interventions that promote emotion regulation skills during this ongoing global health crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211021968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T23:09:26Z","timestamp":1622848166000},"page":"NP16302-NP16326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Emotion Regulation and Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Childhood Abuse"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Alana","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-9042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Lahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).\n                      Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-V\n                      (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291718003823"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211021968","unstructured":"American Psychological Association. (2020).\n                      APA COVID-19 information and resources\n                      . Accessed on April 30, 2020. https:\/\/www.apa.org\/topics\/covid-19"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bareket-Bojmel L., Shahar G. & Margalit M. (2020). COVID-19-related economic anxiety is as high as health anxiety: Findings from the USA, the UK, and Israel.\n                      International Journal of Cognitive Therapy\n                      . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41811-020-00078-3","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-020-00078-3"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e3283503669"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bitton M. S. & Laufer A. (2020). Mental health and coping in the shadow of the COVID-19 pandemic: The Israeli case.\n                      Frontiers in Public Health\n                      , 8, 568016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2020.568016","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.568016"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-015-9514-x"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bovin M. J., Marx B. P., Weathers F. W., Gallagher M. W., Rodriguez P., Schnurr P. P. & Keane T. M. (2016). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2014Fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans.\n                      Psychological Assessment\n                      , 28(11), 1379-1391. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000254","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadr.2021.100113"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.902"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks S. K., Webster R. K., Smith L. E., Woodland L., Wessely S., Greenberg N. & Rubin G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence.\n                      The Lancet\n                      , 395(10227), 912-920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30460-8"},{"key":"bibr13-08862605211021968","unstructured":"Brown R. (2020, April 16).\n                      If COVID-19 is like past pandemics, we could face decades of economic fallout\n                      . Forbes. Accessed on May 4, 2020. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/randybrown\/2020\/04\/16\/if-covid-19-is-like-past-pandemics-we-could-face-decades-of-economic-fallout\/#eada8f73b819"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605211021968","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. (2020).\n                      People who are at higher risk for severe illness\n                      . 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The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice.\n                      European Psychiatry\n                      , 63(1), e32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.35","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2020.35"},{"key":"bibr19-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v12n02_05"},{"key":"bibr20-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231924"},{"key":"bibr21-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22374"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61706-7"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605211021968","unstructured":"Goodman P. (2020, April 1).\n                      Why the global recession could last a long time\n                      . 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(2021).\n                      Coronavirus Resource Center\n                      . https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/"},{"key":"bibr35-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.080499"},{"key":"bibr36-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim J. & Cicchetti D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology.\n                      Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines\n                      , 51(6), 706-716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x"},{"key":"bibr37-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.07.141"},{"key":"bibr38-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-013-0519-5"},{"key":"bibr39-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113172"},{"key":"bibr40-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.11.1878"},{"key":"bibr41-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093165"},{"key":"bibr42-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709992121"},{"key":"bibr43-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12193"},{"key":"bibr44-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838009339758"},{"key":"bibr45-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powers A., Etkin A., Gyurak A., Bradley B. & Jovanovic T. 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A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations.\n                      General Psychiatry\n                      , 33(2), e100213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2020-100213"},{"key":"bibr47-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299730802624585"},{"key":"bibr48-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2014.980753"},{"key":"bibr49-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739"},{"key":"bibr50-08862605211021968","first-page":"25","author":"Thompson R. 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A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.\n                      Brain, Behavior, and Immunity\n                      , 87, 40-48. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028"},{"key":"bibr58-08862605211021968","unstructured":"Weathers F., Litz B., Keane T., Palmieri T., Marx B. P. & Schnurr P. (2013).\n                      The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)\n                      . Scale available from the National Center for PTSD atwww.ptsd.va.gov."},{"key":"bibr59-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wind T. R., Rijkeboer M., Andersson G. & Riper H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The \u201cblack swan\u201d for mental health care and a turning point for e-health.\n                      Internet Interventions\n                      , 20, 100317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2020.100317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2020.100317"},{"key":"bibr60-08862605211021968","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2014).\n                      Global Status Report on Violence Prevention 2014\n                      . https:\/\/www.who.int\/violence_injury_prevention\/violence\/status_report\/2014\/en\/"},{"key":"bibr61-08862605211021968","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020).\n                      Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak\n                      . Retrieved on September 16, 2020, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/mental-health-considerations.pdf"},{"key":"bibr62-08862605211021968","unstructured":"World Trade Organization. (2020, April 8).\n                      Trade set to plunge at COVID-19 pandemic upends global economy\n                      . Accessed on April 30, 2020. https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/news_e\/pres20_e\/pr855_e.html"},{"key":"bibr63-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001"},{"key":"bibr64-08862605211021968","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai Y. & Du X. (2020). Loss and grief amidst COVID-19: A path to adaptation and resilience.\n                      Brain, Behavior, and Immunity\n                      , 87, 80-81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.053"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021968","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605211021968","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021968","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:15:55Z","timestamp":1777504555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605211021968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17-18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605211021968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211021968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]]}}}