{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:32:05Z","timestamp":1792524725604,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. Incarceration is a barrier to health equity and may be a risk factor for experiences of interpersonal violence. However, the effect of incarceration on experienced violence among BMSM is understudied. We examined associations between recent incarceration on subsequent experiences of race- or sexuality-based violence, intimate partner violence, or community violence. We analyzed data from the HPTN 061 study. Analysis includes data on 1,169 BMSM recruited from 6 U.S. cities who were present at baseline as well as 6- and 12-month follow-up interview. We tested if self-reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months was associated with self-reported outcomes between 6 and 12 months using logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting and multiple imputation methods. Experienced outcomes included violence due to race or sexuality, intimate partner violence and aggression, and community violence (i.e., gang violence, robbery, shooting). Approximately 14% reported incarceration between baseline and 6 months and 90% reported experiencing violence between 6 and 12 months. In adjusted analyses, incarceration was associated with subsequent race- or sexuality-based violence [a OR (adjusted odds ratio) range: 1.25-1.41, 95% CI (confidence interval) range: 1.00-1.74], experiences of physical abuse and aggression from intimate partners (a OR: 2.35; 95% CI: 1.50, 3.70) and community violence ( OR 1.82; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.72). Recent incarceration experience increased risk of exposure to future violence in this population. Mixed methods research examining mediating paths between and downstream effects of incarceration and violence on the wellbeing and health of BMSM is needed. We implore researchers to study violence and incarceration among BMSM. Practitione should implement strategies such as trauma-informed interventions, and policies strengthening the social and economic support needs of Black populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211021970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T22:10:56Z","timestamp":1623363056000},"page":"NP16327-NP16350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Estimating the Influence of Incarceration on Subsequent Experience With Violence Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men in the HPTN061 Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Typhanye V.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Feelemyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joy D.","family":"Scheidell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodman E.","family":"Turpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1062-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medha","family":"Mazumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Fortune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MacRegga","family":"Severe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Cleland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Remch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Mayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria R.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200211000-00016"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr2-08862605211021970","first-page":"75","volume":"17","author":"Alexander M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Race, Poverty & the Environment"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211021970","author":"Basile K. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sexual violence surveillance: Uniform definitions and recommended data elements"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211021970","unstructured":"Black Lives Matter. (2020).\n                      Black lives matter\n                      . Retrieved June 11, 2020, fromhttps:\/\/blacklivesmatter.com\/"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854809336453"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000434953.65620.3d"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301786"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605211021970","author":"Callander D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"P559 Incarceration, stress and sexual risk-taking: An intersectional analysis of Black men who have sex with men in the deep south"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605211021970","author":"Carbado D. W.","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Black Police: Policing our own"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106127"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605211021970","first-page":"1","author":"Ceccato V.","year":"2017","journal-title":"In The Wiley handbook of violence and aggression"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605211021970","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention. (2014).\n                      HIV among African American gay and bisexual men\n                      . Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/group\/msm\/cdc-hiv-bmsm.pdf"},{"key":"bibr13-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659613504110"},{"key":"bibr15-08862605211021970","author":"del Pino H. 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Bureau of Justice Statistics. http:\/\/bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov\/content\/pub\/pdf\/cpus09.pdf"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605211021970","author":"Gramlich J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Black imprisonment rate in the US has fallen by a third since 2006"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31175-5"},{"key":"bibr24-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087722"},{"key":"bibr25-08862605211021970","author":"Harrell S. P.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Unpublished manuscript"},{"key":"bibr26-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdeveco.2019.102410"},{"key":"bibr27-08862605211021970","first-page":"101","author":"Herek G. 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(2018).\n                      LGBTQ people behind bars: A guide to understanding the issues facing transgender prisoners and their legal rights\n                      . https:\/\/transequality.org\/sites\/default\/files\/docs\/resources\/TransgenderPeopleBehindBars.pdf"},{"key":"bibr44-08862605211021970","volume":"113","author":"Palmstierna T.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lakartidningen"},{"key":"bibr45-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0858-1"},{"key":"bibr46-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1153596"},{"key":"bibr47-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.04.042"},{"key":"bibr48-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-020-03040-8"},{"key":"bibr49-08862605211021970","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2017).\n                      A language and environment for statistical computing\n                      . https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"bibr50-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"bibr51-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280216666564"},{"key":"bibr52-08862605211021970","author":"Rubin D. B.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Multiple imputation for nonresponse in surveys"},{"key":"bibr53-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B"},{"key":"bibr54-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2019.02.007"},{"key":"bibr55-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0062592"},{"key":"bibr56-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2013.2.15623"},{"key":"bibr57-08862605211021970","unstructured":"The Pew Center on the States. (2008).\n                      One in 100: Behind bars in America 2008\n                      . http:\/\/www.pewcenteronthestates.org\/uploadedFiles\/8015PCTS_Prison08_FINAL_2-1-1_FORWEB.pdf"},{"key":"bibr58-08862605211021970","unstructured":"The Washington Post. (2020).\n                      Fatal force\n                      . Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/graphics\/investigations\/police-shootings-database\/."},{"key":"bibr59-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2019.03.021"},{"key":"bibr60-08862605211021970","unstructured":"TracyStone C. (2017). When lovers are fighters: Polyamory and intimmate partner violence."},{"key":"bibr61-08862605211021970","author":"Travis J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences"},{"key":"bibr62-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1524117"},{"key":"bibr63-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.012809.102551"},{"key":"bibr64-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2004.11.022"},{"key":"bibr65-08862605211021970","first-page":"3","volume":"35","author":"Western B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"IRP Focus"},{"key":"bibr66-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-20779-3_26"},{"key":"bibr67-08862605211021970","unstructured":"William N. H. (2011).\n                      Where are the men? The impact of incarceration and reentry on African American men and their children and families\n                      . http:\/\/www.communityvoices.org\/Libraries\/Community_Voices_Documents\/resourceLibrary_prisonHealth_whereAreTheMen.sflb.ashx"},{"key":"bibr68-08862605211021970","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302878"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021970","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605211021970","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021970","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:15:55Z","timestamp":1777504555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605211021970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17-18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605211021970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211021970","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]}}}