{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:01:45Z","timestamp":1788998505004,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"17-18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623283200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>University-based sexual violence prevalence is worryingly high and leads to many serious consequences for health and academic achievement. Although previous work has documented greater risk for sexual violence among Indigenous Peoples, little is known about university-based sexual violence experienced by Indigenous students. Using a large-scale study of university-based sexual violence in Canada, the current study aims to (1) examine the risk of sexual violence against Indigenous students compared to non-Indigenous students, and (2) to document sexual violence experiences of Indigenous students. Undergraduate students from six universities ( N = 5,627) completed online questionnaires regarding their experience and consequences of university-based sexual violence (e.g., forms of sexual violence experiences, gender, and status of the perpetrator, context of the violence, PTSD, disclosure). Findings indicated that compared with their non-Indigenous peers, Indigenous students experienced significantly higher levels of sexual harassment. However, no difference was found for unwanted sexual behaviors, nor for sexual violence contexts. Among Indigenous students, those having experienced sexual violence after age 18 (outside university) were more likely to report university-based sexual violence. Overall, findings highlight that Indigenous students, as well as non-Indigenous students, experience university-based sexual violence. Given their history, Indigenous students may have different needs, so sustainable policies that foster cultural safety on all campuses are clearly needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211021990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]],"date-time":"2021-06-10T23:25:12Z","timestamp":1623367512000},"page":"NP16534-NP16555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sexual Violence at University: Are Indigenous Students More at Risk?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2701-6283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacinthe","family":"Dion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre intersectoriel en sant\u00e9 durable, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre intersectoriel en sant\u00e9 durable, Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0950-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"Paquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Unversit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon","family":"Bergeron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Daigneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Aguiar W. & Halseth R. C. (2015).\n                      Aboriginal peoples and historic trauma: The processes of intergenerational transmission\n                      . National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. https:\/\/www.ccnsa-nccah.ca\/Publications\/Lists\/Publications\/Attachments\/142\/2015-04-28-AguiarHalseth-RPT-IntergenTraumaHistory-EN-Web.pdf"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605211021990","author":"Andar S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"The prevalence of college sexual assault among women in the digital media era: An online investigation of potential impacts from social networking, pornography, cyberbullying and sexting"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Baba L. (2013).\n                      Cultural safety in First Nations, Inuit and M\u00e9tis public health: Environmental scan of cultural competency and safety in education, training and health services\n                      . National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health. https:\/\/www.ccnsa-nccah.ca\/docs\/emerging\/RPT-CulturalSafetyPublicHealth-Baba-EN.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vv-v22i1a004"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.303004"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Bergeron A. & Boileau A. (2015).\n                      Na\u00afni\u00afawig Ma\u00afmawe Ni\u00afnawind: Stand with us missing & murdered Indigenous women in Quebec\n                      . Femmes autochtones du Qu\u00e9bec inc. https:\/\/www.niwrc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Resources\/Naniawig%20Mamawe%20Ninawind%20-%20Stand%20with%20us%20-%20Oct%202016%20-%20engl%20-%20FINAL.pdf"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605211021990","author":"Bergeron M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec\u00e0 Montr\u00e9al"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Bonnin S. (2019).\n                      \u00c0 la rencontre des \u00e9tudiants des Premiers Peuples\n                      . Enqu\u00eate ICOPE. http:\/\/www.uquebec.ca\/dri\/publications\/rapports_de_recherche\/premiers_peuples_UQ.pdf"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51644\/9781771122849-003"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr10-08862605211021990","first-page":"56","volume":"8","author":"Heart Brave","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Brennan S. (2011).\n                      Violent victimization of Aboriginal women in the Canadian provinces, 2009\n                      . Statistics Canada. http:\/\/endvaw.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/statscan_violent_victimization_of_aboriginal_women_in_canada.pdf"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Burczycka M. (2020).\n                      Students\u2019 experiences of unwanted sexualized behaviours and sexual assault at postsecondary schools in the Canadian provinces, 2019\n                      . Statistics Canada, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/85-002-x\/2020001\/article\/00005-eng.htm"},{"key":"bibr13-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research\u2013Institute of Aboriginal Peoples\u2019 Health. (2018).\n                      Message from Dr. Malcolm King, IAPH Scientific Director\n                      . Government of Canada. https:\/\/cihr-irsc.gc.ca\/e\/50046.html"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605211021990","volume":"3","author":"Cantalupo N. C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Utah Law Review"},{"key":"bibr15-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Cantor D., Fisher B., Chibnall S., Bruce C., Townsend R., Thomas G. & Lee H. (2015).\n                      Report on the AAU campus climate survey on sexual assault and misconduct\n                      . Westat. https:\/\/www.aau.edu\/uploadedFiles\/AAU_Publications\/AAU_Reports\/Sexual_Assault_Campus_Survey\/Report%20on%20the%20AAU%20Campus%20Climate%20Survey%20on%20Sexual%20Assault%20and%20Sexual%20Misconduct.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2018.1431915"},{"key":"bibr17-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399330490438314"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-08862605211021990","first-page":"27","volume":"7","author":"Collin-V\u00e9zina D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health"},{"key":"bibr19-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Corrado R. R., Cohen I. M., Research Corrado, & Inc. Evaluation Associates (2003).\n                      Mental health profiles for a sample of British Columbia\u2019s aboriginal survivors of the Canadian residential school system\n                      . Aboriginal Healing Foundation. http:\/\/www.deslibris.ca\/ID\/200465"},{"key":"bibr20-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205701006"},{"key":"bibr21-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2009.04.003"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2017.1284444"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.004"},{"key":"bibr24-08862605211021990","first-page":"159","author":"Dion J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Les violences sexuelles: Repr\u00e9sentations, interventions et prise en charge"},{"key":"bibr25-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Dion J., Hains J., Ross A. & Collin-V\u00e9zina D. (2016). Pensionnats autochtones: Impact interg\u00e9n\u00e9rationnel.\n                      Enfances, Familles, G\u00e9n\u00e9rations\n                      , (25). https:\/\/id.erudit.org\/iderudit\/1039497ar"},{"key":"bibr26-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188253"},{"key":"bibr27-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/1069069ar"},{"key":"bibr28-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016631129"},{"key":"bibr29-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-0025.1985.tb02703.x"},{"key":"bibr30-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp1103_3"},{"key":"bibr31-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Government of Canada. (2017).\n                      Indigenous peoples and communities\n                      . https:\/\/www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca\/eng\/1100100013785\/1529102490303"},{"key":"bibr32-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Halseth R. (2013).\n                      Les femmes autochtones au Canada: Genre, da\u00e9terminants socioa\u00e9conomiques de la santa\u00e9 et initiatives visant a\u00e0 ra\u00e9duire l\u2019a\u00e9cart en matia\u00e8re de bien-e\u00e2tre\n                      . Centre de collaboration nationale de la santa\u00e9 autochtone. https:\/\/www.ccnsa.ca\/docs\/determinants\/RPT-AboriginalWomenCanada-Halseth-FR.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr33-08862605211021990","first-page":"41","volume":"15","author":"Harper A. O.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fourth World Journal"},{"key":"bibr34-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert M., Lapierre A., MacIntosh H. B. & M\u00e9nard A. D. (2020). A review of mediators in the association between child sexual abuse and revictimization in romantic relationships.\n                      Journal of Child Sexual Abuse\n                      , 1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2020.1801936","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2020.1801936"},{"key":"bibr35-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-016-0119-7"},{"key":"bibr36-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.27.6.922"},{"key":"bibr37-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1057567717719966"},{"key":"bibr38-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Hunt S. (2016).\n                      Decolonizing the roots of rape culture: Reflections on consent, sexual violence and university campuses\n                      [Unpublished manuscript]. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/30006930\/Decolonizing_the_Roots_of_Rape_Culture_reflections_on_consent_sexual_violence_and_university_campuses"},{"key":"bibr39-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Jean J. (2020).\n                      L\u2019action des universit\u00e9s qu\u00e9b\u00e9coises pour, par et avec les Premiers Peuples: Portrait 2019\n                      . Rapport produit pour le Bureau de coop\u00e9ration interuniversitaire. https:\/\/www.bci-qc.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Portrait-2019_Premiers-Peuples_FR.pdf"},{"key":"bibr40-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Lindstrom G. E. (2018).\n                      Trauma and resilience in Aboriginal adult learners\u2019 post-secondary experiences\n                      . University of Calgary. https:\/\/prism.ucalgary.ca\/bitstream\/handle\/1880\/106563\/ucalgary_2018_lindstrom_gabrielle.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y"},{"key":"bibr41-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.12.013"},{"key":"bibr42-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1521025115584750"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr43-08862605211021990","first-page":"14","volume":"2","author":"Mitchell T. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Indigenous Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr44-08862605211021990","first-page":"59","volume":"29","author":"Muckle F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revue qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise de psychologie"},{"key":"bibr45-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2017.1295014"},{"key":"bibr46-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023962"},{"key":"bibr47-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v19i1.21"},{"key":"bibr48-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509354581"},{"key":"bibr49-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paquette G., Martin-Storey A., Bergeron M., Dion J., Daigneault I., H\u00e9bert M., Ricci S. & Castonguay-Khounsombath S. (2019). Trauma symptoms resulting from sexual violence among undergraduate students: Differences across gender and sexual minority status.\n                      Journal of Interpersonal Violence\n                      , 1\u201326. https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0886260519853398","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519853398"},{"key":"bibr50-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007"},{"key":"bibr51-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2153368711429304"},{"key":"bibr52-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.08.017"},{"key":"bibr53-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1185\/135525703125002360"},{"key":"bibr54-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Richardson C. & Dolan-Cake J. (2016).\n                      Invitons la justice et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour les femmes autochtones\n                      . https:\/\/www.responsebasedpractice.com\/app\/uploads\/Justice-for-the-Missing-and-Murdered-Aboriginal-Women.pdf"},{"key":"bibr55-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.07.014"},{"key":"bibr56-08862605211021990","first-page":"81","author":"Ross A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"\u00c9l\u00e9ments pour une psychologie de la maltraitance"},{"key":"bibr57-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-026993"},{"key":"bibr58-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2011).\n                      The educational attainment of Aboriginal peoples in Canada\n                      . https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/nhs-enm\/2011\/as-sa\/99-012-x\/99-012-x2011003_3-eng.cfm"},{"key":"bibr59-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017).\n                      Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 census\n                      . https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/171025\/dq171025a-info-eng.htm"},{"key":"bibr60-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920"},{"key":"bibr61-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015).\n                      Honouring the truth, reconciling for the future: Summary of the final report of the Truth and Reconcilliation Commission of Canada\n                      . http:\/\/epe.lac-bac.gc.ca\/100\/201\/301\/weekly_acquisition_lists\/2015\/w15-24-F-E.html\/collections\/collection_2015\/trc\/IR4-7-2015-eng.pdf"},{"key":"bibr62-08862605211021990","unstructured":"University of Ottawa. (2015).\n                      Rapport du Groupe de travail sur le respect et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9: mettre fin \u00e0 la violence sexuelle \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa\n                      . https:\/\/www.uottawa.ca\/recteur\/sites\/www.uottawa.ca.president\/files\/rapport-du-groupe-de-travail-sur-le-respect-et-l-egalite.pdf"},{"key":"bibr63-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838017692364"},{"key":"bibr64-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Wesley-Esquimaux C. C. & Smolewski M. (2004).\n                      Historic trauma and aboriginal healing\n                      . Aboriginal Healing Foundation. http:\/\/www.ahf.ca\/downloads\/historic-trauma.pdf"},{"key":"bibr65-08862605211021990","unstructured":"Wright J., Dhunna S., De Gannes P., Riddle T. & Berzins T. (2019).\n                      End the silence, end the violence: Experiences & understandings of sexual violence at the University of Toronto\n                      . Silence is Violence. https:\/\/apus.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/2019_SVPStudentConsultations.pdf"},{"key":"bibr66-08862605211021990","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506294239"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021990","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605211021990","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211021990","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:15:57Z","timestamp":1777504557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605211021990"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17-18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605211021990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211021990","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,10]]}}}