{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:09:10Z","timestamp":1793304550918,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"21-22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The prevalence of child sexual abuse (CSA) is difficult to assess, and rates vary widely across studies due to methodological and sample differences. In Spain, prevalence data from representative samples are lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of different CSA experiences in a sample that was representative of the Spanish population in terms of gender, age, and region. The sample comprised 1,071 (539 male and 532 female) Spanish adults (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 45.37;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">SD<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 14.84). Participants completed an anonymous online survey about different types of CSA and were asked whether they had disclosed the experience at the time. Prevalence was analyzed as a function of gender and generation. Results indicated prevalence rates ranging from 2.8% to 18.5%, depending on the type of experience. The most common experience suffered during childhood was being shown pornographic material, while that with the lowest prevalence was being forced to perform a sexual act involving penetration. Prevalence was higher in females than males for eight of the ten experiences considered. Young adults from Generation Z were the most likely to report having suffered three of the CSA experiences, two of them related to technology. Only 27.5% of respondents said that they had told someone about the abuse at the time, mainly their mother (more common among females) or a friend\/peer (more frequent among males). The results suggest that CSA is prevalent in Spain, with considerable rates for several types of abusive experience, especially among females and the youngest generation. The implications of the results are discussed. The findings may inform social policy and the development of effective prevention programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211042804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T00:54:06Z","timestamp":1632272046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Spain: A Representative Sample Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7862-7979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Ferragut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Ortiz-Tallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00e1laga, Spain"},{"name":"Con.Ciencia Association, M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Blanca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alaggia R. (2005). Disclosing the trauma of child sexual abuse: A gender analysis. Journal of Loss and Trauma 10(5) 453-470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325020500193895","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020500193895"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barth J. Bermetz L. Heim E. Trelle S. & Tonia T. (2013). The current prevalence of child sexual abuse worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health 58(3) 469-483. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-012-0426-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broman-Fulks J. J. Ruggiero K. J. Hanson R. F. Smith D. W. Resnick H. S. Kilpatrick D. G. & Saunders B. E. (2007). Sexual assault disclosure in relation to adolescent mental health: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology 36(2) 260-266. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374410701279701","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701279701"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"509","article-title":"Afrontamiento del abuso sexual infantil y ajuste psicol\u00f3gico a largo plazo [Coping with child sexual abuse and psychological adjustment in the long term]","volume":"20","author":"Cant\u00f3n D.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n D., , & Justicia F. (2008). Afrontamiento del abuso sexual infantil y ajuste psicol\u00f3gico a largo plazo [Coping with child sexual abuse and psychological adjustment in the long term]. Psicothema, 20(4), 509-515.","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cant\u00f3n J. Cort\u00e9s M. R. & Cant\u00f3n-Cort\u00e9s D. (2012). Variables associated with the nature of sexual abuse to minors. The Spanish Journal of Psychology 15(2) 571-581. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.5209\/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n2.38868","DOI":"10.5209\/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n2.38868"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu G. R. Lutfey K. E. Litman H. J. Link C. L. Hall S. A. & McKinlay J. B. (2013). Prevalence and overlap of childhood and adult physical sexual and emotional abuse: A descriptive analysis of results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey. Violence and Victims 28(3) 381-402. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/0886-6708.11-043","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.11-043"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collin-V\u00e9zina D. Daigneault I. & H\u00e9bert M. (2013). Lessons learnt from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence outcomes and preventive strategies. Child Adolescent Psychiatry Mental Health 7(1) Article 22. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1753-2000-7-22","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","author":"Conklin K.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Conklin K. (2000). Child sexual abuse I. An overview of statistics, adverse effects, and prevention strategies. Advocates for Youth.","journal-title":"Child sexual abuse I. An overview of statistics, adverse effects, and prevention strategies"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00053-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","unstructured":"Dimock M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center. https:\/\/pewrsr.ch\/2szqtJz"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dube S. R. Anda R. F. Felitti V. J. Chapman D. P. Williamson D. F. & Giles W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse household dysfunction and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span. Journal of the American Medical Association 286(24) 3089-3096. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.286.24.3089","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.24.3089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunne M. P. Purdie D. M. Cook M. D. Boyle F. M. & Najman J. M. (2003). Is child sexual abuse declining? Evidence from a population-based survey of men and women in Australia. Child Abuse & Neglect 27(2) 141-152. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0145-2134(02)00539-2","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00539-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Easton S. D. Coohey C. O\u2019Leary P. Zhang Y. & Hua L. (2011). The effect of childhood sexual abuse on psychosexual functioning during adulthood. Journal of Family Violence 26(1) 41-50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10896-010-9340-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-010-9340-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034223"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Abusos sexuales en la infancia: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se recuerdan o revelan a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s? [Childhood sexual abuse: Why is it remembered or disclosed years later?]","volume":"37","author":"Echebur\u00faa-Odriozola E.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Echebur\u00faa-Odriozola E. (2020). Abusos sexuales en la infancia: \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se recuerdan o revelan a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s? [Childhood sexual abuse: Why is it remembered or disclosed years later?] Revista Mexicana de Psicolog\u00eda, 37, 67-76.","journal-title":"Revista Mexicana de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","unstructured":"European Council. (2020). Stop sexual abuse in sport. Human Rights Channel. https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/human-rights-channel\/stop-child-sexual-abuse-in-sport"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferragut M. Ortiz-Tallo M. & Blanca M. J. (2021). Spanish women\u2019s experiences of child sexual abuse. Psicothema 33(2) 236-243. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2020.323","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2020.323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferragut M. Rueda P. Cerezo M. V. & Ortiz-Tallo M. (2022). What do we know about child sexual abuse? Myths and truths in Spain. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37(1-2):NP757-NP775. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260520918579","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260520918579"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","unstructured":"Finkelhor D. Ormrod R. Turner H. A. & Hamby S. L. (2012). Child and youth victimization known to school police and medical officials in a national sample of children and youth. (Juvenile Justice Bulletin No. NCJ 235394). United States Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https:\/\/ojjdp.ojp.gov\/sites\/g\/files\/xyckuh176\/files\/pubs\/235394.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flood M. (2009). The harms of pornography exposure among children and young people. Child Abuse Review 18(6) 384-400. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/car.1092","DOI":"10.1002\/car.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friedrich W. Fisher J. & Dittner C. (2001). Child sexual behavior inventory: Normative psychiatric and sexual abuse comparisons. Child Maltreatment 6(1) 37-49. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559501006001004","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559501006001004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guziak M. A. (2020). Child sexual abuse among Polish adult population: Prevalence and abuse characteristics PsyArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/bpk7v","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/bpk7v"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamilton-Giachritsis C. Hanson E. Whittle H. Alves-Costa F. & Beech A. (2020). Technology-assisted child sexual abuse in the UK: Young people\u2019s views on the impact of online sexual abuse. Children and Youth Services Review 119 Article 105451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.105451"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e9bert M. Langevin R. & Daigneault I. (2016). The association between peer victimization PTSD and dissociation in child victims of sexual abuse. Journal of Affective Disorders 193 227-232. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.12.080"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905400908"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hornor G. (2010). Child sexual abuse: Consequences and implications. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 24(6) 358-364. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2009.07.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2009.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","unstructured":"Horvath M. A. H. Alys L. Massey K. Pina A. Scally M. & Adler J. R. (2013). Basically \u2026 porn is everywhere: A rapid evidence assessment on the effects that access and exposure to pornography has on children and young people (Project report). Office of the Children\u2019s Commissioner for England. http:\/\/eprints.mdx.ac.uk\/10692\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kloppen K. Haugland S. Svedin K. G. M\u00e6hle M. & Breivik K. (2016). Prevalence of child sexual abuse in the Nordic countries: A literature review Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 25(1) 37-55. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10538712.2015.1108944","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1108944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"London K. Bruck M. Ceci S. & Shuman D. (2003). Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology Public Policy and Law 11(1) 194-226. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.11.1.194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(95)00066-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maniglio R. (2009). The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews. Clinical Psychology Review 29(7) 647-657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin E. K. & Silverstone P. H. (2013). How much child sexual abuse is \u201cbelow the surface \u201d and can we help adults identify it early? Frontiers in Psychiatry 4 Article 58. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00058","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin G. Bergen H. A. & Richardson A. S. (2004). Sexual abuse and suicidality: Gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect 28(5) 491-503. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.08.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2003.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","unstructured":"Miller K. L. Dove M. K. & Miller S. M. (2007 October). A counselor\u2019s guide to child sexual abuse: Prevention reporting and treatment strategies. Paper based on a program presented at the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Conference. American Counseling Association. https:\/\/www.counseling.org\/Resources\/Library\/VISTAS\/2009-V-Online\/Miller-Dove-Miller.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohler-Kuo M. Landolt M. A. Maier T. Meidert U. Sch\u00f6nbucher V. & Schnyder U. (2014). Child sexual abuse revisited: A population-based cross-sectional study among Swiss adolescents. Journal of Adolescence Health 54(3) 304-311. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.08.020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mullers E. S. & Dowling M. (2008). Mental health consequences of child sexual abuse. British Journal of Nursing 17(22) 1428-1433. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjon.2008.17.22.31871","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2008.17.22.31871"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murray L. K. Nguyen A. & Cohen J. A. (2015). Child sexual abuse. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 23(2) 321-337. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2014.01.003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noll J. G. Trickett P. K. Harris W. W. & Putnam F. W. (2008). The cumulative burden borne by offspring whose mothers were sexually abused as children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24(3) 424-449. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260508317194","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508317194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz-Tallo M. & Calvo I. (2020). Child sexual abuse: Listening to the victims. Archives of Community Medicine Public Health 6(2) 135-137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17352\/2455-5479.000092","DOI":"10.17352\/2455-5479.000092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan Y. Lin X. Liu J. & Zhang S. (2020). Prevalence of childhood sexual abuse among women using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A worldwide meta-analysis. Trauma Violence & Abuse. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1524838020912867","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3373847"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","first-page":"126","volume":"37","author":"Pereda N.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pereda N. (2016). \u00bfUno de cada cinco?: Victimizaci\u00f3n sexual infantil en Espa\u00f1a. [One out of five? Child sexual victimization in Spain]. Papeles del Psic\u00f3logo, 37(2), 126-133.","journal-title":"Papeles del Psic\u00f3logo"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereda N. & Forns M. (2007). Prevalencia y caracter\u00edsticas del abuso sexual infantil en estudiantes universitarios espa\u00f1oles [Prevalence and characteristics of child sexual abuse in Spanish university students]. Child Abuse & Neglect 31(4) 417-426. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.08.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereda N. Guilera G. Fons M. & G\u00f3mez-Benito J. (2009). The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review 29(4) 328-338. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Putnam F. W. (2003). Ten-year research update review: Child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 42(3) 269-278. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-200303000-00006","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200303000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruggiero K. J. Smith D. W. Hanson R. F. Resnick H. S. Saunders B. E. Kilpatrick D. G. & Best C. L. (2001). Is disclosure of childhood rape associated with mental health outcome? Results from the National Women\u2019s Study. Child Maltreatment 9(1) 61-77. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559503260309","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559503260309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sapp M. V. & Vandeven A. M. (2005). Update on childhood sexual abuse. Current Opinion in Pediatrics 17(2) 258-264. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.mop.0000158731.64293.c7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mop.0000158731.64293.c7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarasua B. Zubizarreta I. de Corral P. & Echebur\u00faa E. (2013). Tratamiento psicol\u00f3gico de mujeres adultas v\u00edctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia: Resultados a largo plazo [Psychological treatment of adult women victims of child sexual abuse: Long-term results]. Anales de Psicolog\u00eda 29(1) 29-37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6018\/analesps.29.1.145281","DOI":"10.6018\/analesps.29.1.145281"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","unstructured":"Save the Children. (2012a). La justicia espa\u00f1ola frente al abuso sexual infantil en el entorno familiar. Un an\u00e1lisis de casos a la luz de los est\u00e1ndares internacionales de derechos humanos [The Spanish justice system and child sexual abuse in the family: An analysis of cases in the light of international human rights standards]. https:\/\/www.savethechildren.es\/sites\/default\/files\/imce\/docs\/informe_justicia_esp_abuso_sexual_infantil_vok-2.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","unstructured":"Save the Children. (2012b). Gu\u00eda de recursos para la prevenci\u00f3n y atenci\u00f3n del abuso y la explotaci\u00f3n sexual infantil [Resource guide for the prevention of and response to child sexual abuse and exploitation]. https:\/\/resourcecentre.savethechildren.net\/node\/7046\/pdf\/7046.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","unstructured":"Save the Children. (2017). Violencia viral. An\u00e1lisis de la violencia contra la infancia y la adolescencia en el entorno digital [Viral violence: Analysis of violence against children and adolescents in the digital environment]. https:\/\/www.savethechildren.es\/sites\/default\/files\/imce\/docs\/informe_violencia_viral_1.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciolla A. Glover D. A. Loeb T. B. Zhang M. Myers H. F. & Wyatt G. E. (2011). Childhood sexual abuse severity and disclosure as predictors of depression among adult African-American and Latina women. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 199(7) 471-477. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31822142ac","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e31822142ac"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selengia V. Thuy H. N. T. & Mushi D. (2020). Prevalence and patterns of child sexual abuse in selected countries of Asia and Africa: A review of literature. Open Journal of Social Sciences 8(9) 146-160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4236\/jss.2020.89010","DOI":"10.4236\/jss.2020.89010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh M. M. Parsekar S. S. & Nair S. N. (2014). An epidemiological overview of child sexual abuse. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3(4) 430-435. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2249-4863.148139","DOI":"10.4103\/2249-4863.148139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stiller A. & Hellmann D. F. (2017). In the aftermath of disclosing child sexual abuse: Consequences needs and wishes. Journal of Sexual Aggression 23(3) 251-265. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13552600.2017.1318964","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600.2017.1318964"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stoltenborgh M. Van Ijzendoorn M. H. Euser E. & Bakermans-Kranenburg M. (2011). A global perspective on child sexual abuse: Meta-analysis of prevalence around the world. Child Maltreatment 16(2) 79-101. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1077559511403920","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","unstructured":"Townsend C. & Rheingold A. A. (2013). Estimating a child sexual abuse prevalence rate for practitioners: A review of child sexual abuse prevalence studies. Darkness to Light. https:\/\/www.d2l.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/PREVALENCE-RATE-WHITE-PAPER-D2L.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ullman S. E. (2007). Relationship to perpetrator disclosure social reactions and PTSD symptoms in child sexual abuse survivors. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 16(1) 19-36. http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J070v16n01_02","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v16n01_02"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1999). Report of the consultation on child abuse prevention. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/65900"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2003). Guidelines for medico-legal care for victims of sexual violence. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/42788\/924154628X.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2016). Child maltreatment. http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs150\/es\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","unstructured":"World Vision. (2019). Child rights: History facts & how to protect them. https:\/\/www.worldvision.com.au\/child-rights"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211042804","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605211042804","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605211042804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:16:15Z","timestamp":1777504575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605211042804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21-22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605211042804"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605211042804","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]}}}