{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:46:40Z","timestamp":1793069200994,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Since 2014, a protracted armed conflict has afflicted eastern Ukraine, resulting in the displacement of over 1.4 million residents. The resulting humanitarian crisis has placed women, particularly displaced women, at greater risk of gender-based violence (GBV). In Ukraine, reports of GBV were higher following the start of the conflict (22.4% in 2014 vs. 18.3% in 2007), with displaced women suffering from GBV nearly three times more than non-displaced residents (15.2% vs. 5.3%). Many GBV incidents in Ukraine have been reported along the \u201ccontact line,\u201d the border separating government from non-government-controlled areas. This study compares types of GBV experienced by displaced and local (non-displaced) women receiving psychosocial support in order to identify the gaps in services during a time of conflict. Data was collected by mental healthcare providers from 11,826 women (25.5% displaced; 74.5% local) aged 15 to 69 receiving psychosocial services in five conflict-affected regions from February 2016 to June 2017. Group differences were assessed using Pearson\u2019s chi-squared or Fisher\u2019s exact tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for continuous variables. Overall, almost half of the women experienced intimate partner violence and psychological abuse. Compared to residents, displaced women were more likely to report non-domestic GBV incidents involving sexual and economic violence. Almost 8% of violent incidents against displaced women occurred at checkpoints or at reception centers for internally displaced persons (IDP) and 20% were perpetrated by armed men. Consistent with the literature, this study suggests that displaced women are more vulnerable to attacks by persons outside the home and by armed groups. Our findings underscore the need to expand violence prevention programs to address the unique vulnerabilities of displaced women before, during, and after displacement. Programs should be tailored to prevent violence within and outside the home. Increased prevention efforts are needed in areas with high concentrations of armed men, along the contact line, and at IDP reception centers to protect displaced women. This is particularly urgent in the context of increased GBV due to COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211063009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T06:28:29Z","timestamp":1640759309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Patterns of Gender-Based Violence in Conflict-Affected Ukraine: A Descriptive Analysis of Internally Displaced and Local Women Receiving Psychosocial Services"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5462-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariadna","family":"Capasso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health"},{"name":"New York University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halyna","family":"Skipalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ukrainian Foundation for Public Health"},{"name":"HealthRight International"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urmi","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthRight International"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Guttmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health"},{"name":"New York University"},{"name":"HealthRight International"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Navario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU School of Global Public Health"},{"name":"New York University"},{"name":"HealthRight International"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa P.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HealthRight International"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62243-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-018-0140-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/inthealth\/iht009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801212464387"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-019-0201-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/18750230-02701001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","volume-title":"Reproductive, maternal and child health in eastern Europe and eurasia: A comparative report","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ORC Macro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ORC Macro (2003). Reproductive, maternal and child health in eastern Europe and eurasia: A comparative report."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69523-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","volume-title":"Ukraine: Domestic violence, including legislation, recourse, state protection and support services available to victims, including those who are stalked or harassed by their perpetrator; the effect of residence registration on victims that try to relocate (2013-June 2015)","author":"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (2015). Ukraine: Domestic violence, including legislation, recourse, state protection and support services available to victims, including those who are stalked or harassed by their perpetrator; the effect of residence registration on victims that try to relocate (2013-June 2015). https:\/\/www.refworld.org\/docid\/55bf562c4.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","volume-title":"Identifying & mitigating gender-based violence risks within the COVID-19 response","author":"Inter-agency Standing Committee on Gender-Based Violence","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inter-agency Standing Committee on Gender-Based Violence (2020). Identifying & mitigating gender-based violence risks within the COVID-19 response. https:\/\/gbvguidelines.org\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Interagency-GBV-risk-mitigation-and-Covid-tipsheet.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","volume-title":"Gender and conflict in Ukraine","author":"Lucas B.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lucas B., Rohwerder B., Tull K. (2017). 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Registration of internal displacement in Ukraine. https:\/\/app.powerbi.com\/view?r=eyJrIjoiZDU3MDEyNDgtZWNhNy00ODBmLWI0ZDYtMmJiZDQyMzExZGJkIiwidCI6ImU1YzM3OTgxLTY2NjQtNDEzNC04YTBjLTY1NDNkMmFmODBiZSIsImMiOjh9."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32422\/mv.1646"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","unstructured":"On Ensuring the Rights and Freedoms of Internally Displaced Persons (2014). https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/1706-18#Text."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"On Preventing and Counteracting Domestic Violence (2018). https:\/\/zakon.rada.gov.ua\/laws\/show\/2229-19#Text."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","volume-title":"OSCE-led survey on violence against women: Main report","author":"Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (2019). OSCE-led survey on violence against women: Main report. 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What Ukraine can learn from other countries\u2019 experiences with PTSD. https:\/\/www.wilsoncenter.org\/sites\/default\/files\/kennan_cable_13_what_ukraine_can_learn_from_other_countries_about_ptsd.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","volume-title":"The Gender Based Violence Information Management System: User Guide. UNFPA, UNHCR & IRC","author":"UNFPAUNHCR IRC","year":"2011","unstructured":"UNFPAUNHCR IRC (2011). Chapter 4: The Intake and Consent Forms. In Team G. G. (Ed), The Gender Based Violence Information Management System: User Guide. UNFPA, UNHCR & IRC. http:\/\/GBV-IMS.com\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/Ch4_Feb2011.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","volume-title":"Gender-based violence in the conflict-affected regions of Ukraine: Analytical report","author":"Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms (2018). Gender-based violence in the conflict-affected regions of Ukraine: Analytical report. 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