{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:34:05Z","timestamp":1777854845635,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"23-24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Victims Foundation","award":["18-610-00026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-610-00026"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Background: To protect women from Intimate partner violence (IPV), women\u2019s shelters should not only provide emergency safety from IPV exposure, but also prolonged support that empowers women to build a life free from violence. The present study aims to investigate individual symptom development in association with residency at a women\u2019s shelter. Method: Data were collected at four different timepoints, that is, enrolment (T1,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 150), 3-months residency (T2, = 110), 6-months residency (T3,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 68) and after relocation (T4,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 63). Women were included from four Danish women\u2019s shelters. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) was applied to test for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex-PTSD (C-PTSD) at all timepoints. A paired sample t-test was used to test the mean symptom development, and a Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA) was applied to test for different classes of PTSD-trajectories. Logistic regression was applied to predict class membership from shelter-related variables and symptom severity, that is, length of residency, psychological counselling, revictimization and key symptoms of C-PTSD. Results: The prevalence of PTSD (31%) and C-PTSD (37.9%) was high at enrolment. Although t-tests suggested a significant decline in symptoms at follow-up, the LCGA revealed different classes of symptom development. The two-class model was found to be the best representation of data with low-symptom- and high-symptom profiles, respectively. Overall, the largest decline in symptoms occurred within the first 3\u00a0months of residency. Revictimization was high and was further found to predict class membership. However, when included in a multiple regression only symptom severity predicted the high-symptoms profile class. Discussion: Psychological treatment focussing on PTSD and C-PTSD is important for the women\u2019s future well-being and safety. Reports on revictimization was alarmingly high, which emphasises a continuing need to protect women from psychological violence within the shelters. These findings should be replicated in larger samples before we can draw any conclusion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605211066568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T17:11:14Z","timestamp":1641402674000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Can Women Shelters Help Reduce Symptoms of PTSD and C-PTSD? Trajectories of PTSD Symptom Development Following Partner- and Family-Related Violence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3090-4660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Dokkedahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology"},{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"},{"name":"Dannercenterfonden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trine R\u00f8nde","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen University Hospital"},{"name":"Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ask","family":"Elklit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish National Center of Psychotraumatology"},{"name":"University of Southern Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-007-9182-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534765610395627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015602736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","volume-title":"Appendices for auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: 3-Step approaches using mplus","author":"Asparouhov T.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asparouhov T., Muth\u00e9n B. 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