{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:03:00Z","timestamp":1790632980640,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"13-14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stay at home orders\u2013intended to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by limiting social contact\u2013have forced people to remain in their homes. The additional stressors created by the need to stay home and socially isolate may act as triggers to intimate partner violence (IPV). In this article, we present data from a recent online cross-sectional survey with gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in the United States to illustrate changes in IPV risks that have occurred during the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. The Love and Sex in the Time of COVID-19 survey was conducted online from April to May 2020. GBMSM were recruited through paid banner advertisements featured on social networking platforms, recruiting a sample size of 696 GBMSM. Analysis considers changes in victimization and perpetration of IPV during the 3 months prior to the survey (March-May 2020) that represents the first 3 months of lockdown during the COVID-19 epidemic. During the period March-May 2020, 12.6% of participants reported experiencing any IPV with higher rates of emotional IPV (10.3%) than sexual (2.2%) or physical (1.8%) IPV. Of those who reported IPV victimization during lockdown, for almost half this was their first time experience: 5.3% reported the IPV they experienced happened for the first time during the past 3 months (0.8% physical, 2.13% sexual, and 3.3% emotional). Reporting of perpetration of IPV during lockdown was lower: only 6% reported perpetrating any IPV, with perpetration rates of 1.5% for physical, 0.5% for sexual, and 5.3% for emotional IPV. Of those who reported perpetration of IPV during lockdown, very small percentages reported that this was the first time they had perpetrated IPV: 0.9% for any IPV (0.2% physical, 0.2% sexual, and 0.6% emotional). The results illustrate an increased need for IPV resources for GBMSM during these times of increased stress and uncertainty, and the need to find models of resource and service delivery that can work inside of social distancing guidelines while protecting the confidentiality and safety of those who are experiencing IPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260521997454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T04:49:40Z","timestamp":1615006180000},"page":"NP12174-NP12189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["COVID-19 and the Risk for Increased Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9239-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanaka M.D.","family":"Chavanduka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e A.","family":"Pitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexis S.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3189-1558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Sexuality and Health Disparities, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.23.3.344"},{"key":"bibr2-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.23.5.617"},{"key":"bibr3-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2008.03.003"},{"key":"bibr4-0886260521997454","unstructured":"Berton E. (2020). France to put domestic abuse victims in hotels after jump in numbers.\n                      Reuters News Agency\n                      . Retrieved April 7, 2020, from https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-health-coronavirus-women-abuse-trfn\/france-to-put-domestic-abuse-victims-in-hotels-after-jump-in-numbers-idUSKBN21H37P"},{"key":"bibr5-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-011-9384-2"},{"key":"bibr6-0886260521997454","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). COVIDView: A weekly surveillance summary of US COVID-19 activity.\n                      Key Updates for Week 19\n                      . https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/86961"},{"key":"bibr7-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505277101"},{"key":"bibr8-0886260521997454","unstructured":"Davies S., Batha E. (2020). Europe braces for domestic abuse \u2018perfect storm\u2019 amid coronavirus lockdown.\n                      Thomas Reuters Foundation News\n                      . Retrieved April 17, 2020, from https:\/\/news.trust.org\/item\/20200326160316-7l0uf."},{"key":"bibr9-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000302"},{"key":"bibr10-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2016.0057"},{"key":"bibr11-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15574090802226618"},{"key":"bibr12-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2012.3.11779"},{"key":"bibr13-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838012470034"},{"key":"bibr14-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.839911"},{"key":"bibr15-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00140"},{"key":"bibr16-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00918369.2013.839911"},{"key":"bibr17-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-007-9188-0"},{"key":"bibr18-0886260521997454","unstructured":"Kagi J. (2020). Crime rate in WA plunges amid coronavirus social distancing lockdown measures.\n                      ABC News Australia\n                      . Retrieved April 10, 2020, from https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2020-04-08\/coronavirus-shutdown-sees-crime-rate-drop-in-wa\/12132410"},{"key":"bibr19-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326073"},{"key":"bibr20-0886260521997454","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026"},{"key":"bibr21-0886260521997454","unstructured":"Money J.Jefferson County Sheriff\u2019s Office (2020). 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