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Unfortunately, sport SV prevention strategies are rarely built on theory or theoretically grounded evidence, despite demonstrated effectiveness of such approaches. This study aimed to answer to questions: 1) Which theories are relevant to the development of effective SV prevention strategies in sport?; and 2) How has theory been incorporated into existing SV prevention literature on sport safety? A scoping review of the literature plus expert input identified 29 theories pertinent to SV prevention in sport. A systemized review of the literature regarding SV prevention in sport resulted in the identification and characterization of 41 published articles. Authors then examined theory\u2019s role in prevention literature. This study identified 29 theories pertinent to SV prevention in sports and applicable across the behavioral spectrum. Most theories were rooted in the Behavioral (41%), Situational (24%) or Social\/Attitudinal (21%) areas. Less common were theories grounded in Feminist (14%) domains. Theories were predominantly focused at the individual (42%), organizational (29%), and interpersonal (18%) ecological levels. Of the 41 sport prevention articles, 33 (83%) referred to a theory either explicitly or implicitly. Though most theories have been incorporated into prevention efforts, closer examination indicates that the majority were descriptive, unlikely to use a sophisticated methodology (10%; e.g., experimental, quasi-experimental), and rarely intended to assess a specific prevention program\/strategy or policy (21%). Strong theoretical foundations are available for SV prevention research focused on sports, and their application appears to show value across the developmental spectrum of athletes. There remains a need for greater focus on theory-driven research intended to develop prevention strategies and policies designed to enhance athlete safety.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221095787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]],"date-time":"2022-05-05T10:31:40Z","timestamp":1651746700000},"page":"NP10459-NP10511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Role of Theory in the Prevention of Sexual Violence in Sport"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5640-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keith L.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ValorUS, Sacramento, CA & RALIANCE, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6607-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey J.","family":"Milroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Education, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC and Center for Athlete Well-being, UNC Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7750-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Yore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity & Health, UC San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7098-5245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miranda","family":"Sitney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multnomah County Department of Community Justice, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aliza","family":"Lipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8873-5818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa","family":"Glace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Kyler-Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-5123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Center on Gender Equity & Health, UC San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605221095787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jcsp.2018-0065"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605221095787","volume-title":"The experiences of children participating in organised sport in the UK","author":"Alexander K.","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605221095787","volume-title":"Social learning theory","author":"Bandura A.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605221095787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023739"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605221095787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508329123"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605221095787","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21760"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605221095787","volume-title":"Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership","author":"Bass B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605221095787","volume-title":"Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership","author":"Bass B.","year":"1994"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605221095787","first-page":"259","volume-title":"The social norms approach to preventing school and college age substance abuse: A handbook for educators, counselors, and clinicians","author":"Berkowitz A. 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