{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:07:08Z","timestamp":1789726028882,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004828","name":"Grand Challenges Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST-POC-1908-26169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST-POC-1908-26169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004828","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Very little is known in Haiti and the Caribbean regarding child and lifetime sexual victimization. Using a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults aged 15\u201324, this study aimed to document the prevalence, risk factors and mental health correlates of lifetime and child sexual violence in Haiti. A national cross-sectional surrvey was conducted in Haiti, using a multistage sampling frame, stratified by geographical department, urban or rural setting, gender, and age groups (15\u201319 and 20\u201324\u00a0years). The final sample included 3586 household participants (47.6% female). A weighted sample of 3945 individuals was obtained and used in the following analyses. Overall rate of lifetime and child sexual violence was, respectively, 27.44% (95% CI 25.94\u201328.94) and 11.27% (95% CI 10.18\u201312.35). Lifetime sexual violence rate was significantly higher among female participants (29.02%; 95% CI 27.5\u201330.55) compared to male (25.73%, 95% CI 24.26\u201327.2), \u03c7\n                    <jats:sup>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">2<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sup>\n                    = 4.63,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .05, but there was no significant gender difference for child sexual victimization. Experiences of family physical violence, emotional abuse by mother and father, divorce of parents, and other physical violence were strongly associated with higher odds of sexual victimization. Participants who reported having experienced sexual violence are more at risk to meet criteria of PTSD (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.66\u20132.32;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001), depression (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.47\u20132.02;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001), psychological distress (OR =1.72, 95% CI 1.47\u20132.02;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001), and substance abuse (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.57;\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .0001). Findings demonstrate that sexual violence is a public health emergency in Haiti. They provide evidence for the development of prevention and intervention programs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221102484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T18:34:45Z","timestamp":1652898885000},"page":"2778-2805","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Lifetime and Child Sexual Violence, Risk Factors and Mental Health Correlates Among a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults in Haiti: A Public Health Emergency"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3628-6904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jude Mary","family":"C\u00e9nat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose Darly","family":"Dalexis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4290-3892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis Ampidu","family":"Clorm\u00e9us","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Haiti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-France","family":"Lafontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireille","family":"Guerrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Ottawa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guesly","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre d\u2019Ha\u00efti"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4531-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30622-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161645"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in Switzerland: Final report for the UBS Optimus Foundation","author":"Averdijk M.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Averdijk M., Mueller-Johnson K., Eisner M. (2011). Sexual victimization of children and adolescents in Switzerland: Final report for the UBS Optimus Foundation (Issue November)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191113481998"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/e528202014-001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300802417911"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.079608"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nmd.0000243824.84651.6c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bji.2021.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105597"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519854554"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002757"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0205086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205086","article-title":"Child sexual abuse in India: A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Choudhry V.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choudhry V., Dayal R., Pillai D., Kalokhe A. S., Beier K., Patel V. (2018). Child sexual abuse in India: A systematic review. PLoS ONE. Public Library of Science, 13(Issue 10), e0205086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205086","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lcrp.12158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2018.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-019-00293-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","first-page":"2","volume":"66","author":"Dubowitz H.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dubowitz H. (2017). Child sexual abuse and exploitation\u2014A global glimpse. Child Abuse and Neglect, 66, 2\u22128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.02.011","journal-title":"Child sexual abuse and exploitation\u2014A global glimpse. Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(90)90077-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2013.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-8991-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","volume-title":"Multi sector task force on violence against children; UNICEF, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund","author":"Gladden M. R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gladden M. R., Vagi K. J., Brookmeyer K. A. (2011). Violence against children in Tanzania: Findings from a national survey 2009 | Resource centre. In: Multi sector task force on violence against children; UNICEF, United Nations Children\u2019s Fund."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743719861387"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sexol.2020.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","volume-title":"Haiti Enqu\u00eate Mortalit\u00e9, Morbidit\u00e9 et Utilisation des Services 2016-2017 - EMMUS-VI","author":"InstitutHa\u00cftien de l\u2019Enfance -, IHE","year":"2018","unstructured":"InstitutHa\u00cftien de l\u2019Enfance -, IHE (2018). Haiti Enqu\u00eate Mortalit\u00e9, Morbidit\u00e9 et Utilisation des Services 2016-2017 - EMMUS-VI."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","volume-title":"Using weights in the analysis of survey data","author":"Johnson D. R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson D. R. (2008). Using weights in the analysis of survey data."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171000111X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2021.623661"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Weighting methods","volume":"19","author":"Kalton G.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kalton G., Flores-Cervantes I. (2003). Weighting methods. Journal of Official Statistics, 19(2), 81\u221297. www.asc.org.uk","journal-title":"Journal of Official Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702006074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13623699.2010.535279"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110516644208"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.03.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7202\/010517ar"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2017.1288186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2018.1425944"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3102127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/741922829"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","volume-title":"L\u2019action b\u00e9n\u00e9vole dans le monde","author":"RABQ R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"RABQ R., de l\u2019action B., du Q. (2012). L\u2019action b\u00e9n\u00e9vole dans le monde | RABQ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2014.888118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60247-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2018.1486934"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559511403920"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","first-page":"565","article-title":"Prevalence of sexual violence against children and use of social services - seven countries, 2007-2013","volume":"64","author":"Sumner SA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sumner SA, Mercy AA, Saul J, Motsa-Nzuza N, Kwesigabo G, Buluma R, Marcelin LH, Lina H, Shawa M, Moloney-Kitts M, Kilbane T, Sommarin C, Ligiero DP, Brookmeyer K, Chiang L, Lea V, Lee J, Kress H, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2015). Prevalence of sexual violence against children and use of social services - seven countries, 2007-2013. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(21), 565\u2212569. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26042646","journal-title":"MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v7.30165"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2008.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","volume-title":"Violence against children in Kenya: Findings from a 2010 National Survey. Summary report on the prevalence of sexual, physical and emotional violence, context of sexual violence, and health and behavioral consequences of violence experienced in childhood","author":"United Nations Children\u2019s","year":"2012","unstructured":"United Nations Children\u2019s (2012). Violence against children in Kenya: Findings from a 2010 National Survey. Summary report on the prevalence of sexual, physical and emotional violence, context of sexual violence, and health and behavioral consequences of violence experienced in childhood"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2020.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30060-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_1","volume-title":"Life Events checklist for DSM-5","author":"Weathers F. W.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weathers F. W., Blake D., Schnurr P., Kaloupek D., Marx B. ., Keane T. (2013). Life Events checklist for DSM-5. (LEC-5). Instrument Available from the National Center for PTSD At"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_1","volume-title":"Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence","author":"WHO","year":"2013","unstructured":"WHO (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_1","volume-title":"The World Health Organisation process of translation and adaptation of instruments","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017). The World Health Organisation process of translation and adaptation of instruments"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_67_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"A comparative study of the socioeconomic factors associated with childhood sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"11","author":"Yahaya I.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yahaya I., Soares J., De Leon A. P., Macassa G. (2012). A comparative study of the socioeconomic factors associated with childhood sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa. Pan African Medical Journal, 11(Issue 1), 51. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/pamj.v11i1","journal-title":"Pan African Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040793"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221102484","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605221102484","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221102484","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:44:01Z","timestamp":1789724641000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605221102484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605221102484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605221102484","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]]}}}