{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:13:36Z","timestamp":1790061216828,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study was conducted to determine the effect of intimate partner violence on childbirth fear of pregnant women. This descriptive and cross-sectional study included 335 pregnant women who applied to pregnant outpatient clinics. The data of the study were collected with Questionnaire Form and Wijma Birth Expectation\/Experience Scale A Version (W-DEQ-A). Descriptive statistical methods,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t-<\/jats:italic>\n                    test, one-way ANOVA, Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                    -test, and Kruskal\u2013Wallis test were used in the analysis of the data. W-DEQ-A scale score of pregnant women was found to be 69.34\u2009\u00b1\u200929.37. It was found that 15.2% of pregnant women experienced \u201cmild level\u201d childbirth fear, 28.4% had \u201cmoderate level\u201d childbirth fear, 26.6% had \u201csevere level\u201d childbirth fear, and 29.9% had \u201cclinical level\u201d childbirth fear. It was determined that 49.3% of pregnant women were exposed to any type of violence by their partners. It was found that pregnant women were exposed to 46% verbal violence, 23.9% emotional violence, 13.7% economic violence, 8.7% physical violence, and 2.1% sexual violence. When pregnant women experiencing any type of violence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.000), verbal violence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.000), emotional violence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.000), and economic violence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.000) were compared with pregnant women who did not experience violence, W-DEQ-A scores were higher and differences were statistically significant. It was determined to be statistically significant differences of W-DEQ-A scores according to the age of the pregnant women (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.044), family type (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.004), place of residence (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.026), and psychological problems before pregnancy (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.026). As a result, the rate of violence exerted by their intimate partners against pregnant women was high. In addition, intimate partner violence during pregnancy had negative effects on the fear of childbirth of pregnant women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221109915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T04:52:03Z","timestamp":1658551923000},"page":"3737-3755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on Fear of Childbirth Among Pregnant Women"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mehtap","family":"O\u011furlu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ordu University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3586-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00fcl\u00fcfer","family":"Erbil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ordu University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03433.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"Fear of childbirth: Review of the Literature","volume":"2","author":"Aksoy A. N.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aksoy A. N. (2015). Fear of childbirth: Review of the Literature ODU. Journal of Medicine, 2(3), 161\u2013165.","journal-title":"ODU. Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet; cinsel taciz\/\u0131rza ge\u00e7me","volume":"12","author":"Atman \u00dc. C","year":"2003","unstructured":"Atman \u00dc. C. (2003). Kad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u015fiddet; cinsel taciz\/\u0131rza ge\u00e7me. Journal of Continuing Medical Education, 12(9), 333\u2013335.","journal-title":"Journal of Continuing Medical Education"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Spouse violence during pregnancy: A research among women attending to primary health care","volume":"3","author":"Ayranc\u0131 \u00dc.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ayranc\u0131 \u00dc., G\u00fcnay Y., \u00dcnl\u00fco\u011flu \u0130. (2002). Spouse violence during pregnancy: A research among women attending to primary health care. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 75\u201387.","journal-title":"Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00108.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth","volume":"11","author":"Barut S.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barut S., U\u00e7ar T. (2018). Relationship between childbirth self-efficacy and fear of childbirth. Mersin \u00dcniversitesi Journal of Health Sciences, 11(2), 107\u2013115.","journal-title":"Mersin \u00dcniversitesi Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and birth outcomes: A systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Boy A.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Boy A., Salihu H. M. (2004). Intimate partner violence and birth outcomes: A systematic review. International Journal Fertil Womens Medicine, 49, 159\u2013164.","journal-title":"International Journal Fertil Womens Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyac\u0131o\u011flu N. G\u00fcnayd\u0131n E. Keser. \u00d6zcan S. Din\u00e7 N. Kaya H. (2021). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Turkey: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppc.12879","DOI":"10.1111\/ppc.12879"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Investigation the fear of labor and decision making about delivery type in pregnant","volume":"25","author":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl T.","year":"2016","unstructured":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl T., \u00d6zen B., \u00c7opur A., Kayac\u0131k F. (2016). Investigation the fear of labor and decision making about delivery type in pregnant. Journal of Health Sciences, 25(3), 126\u2013130.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1157"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Effect of economic violence in women life","volume":"2","author":"Can-G\u00fcrkan \u00d6.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Can-G\u00fcrkan \u00d6., Co\u015far F. (2009). Effect of economic violence in women life. Maltepe \u00dcniversitesi Hem\u015firelik Bilim ve Sanat\u0131 Dergisi, 2(3), 124\u2013129.","journal-title":"Maltepe \u00dcniversitesi Hem\u015firelik Bilim ve Sanat\u0131 Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1110"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","first-page":"263","article-title":"A common problem: Fear of childbirth","volume":"8","author":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00d6.","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek \u00d6., Mete S. (2015). A common problem: Fear of childbirth. Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty, 8(4), 263\u2013268.","journal-title":"Dokuz Eylul University E-Journal of Nursing Faculty"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","article-title":"Intimate partner violence before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after childbirth: A new conceptualization highlighting individual changes in violence against pregnant women over time","author":"Chan K. L.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chan K. L., Lo C. K. M., Lu Y., Ho F. K., Leung W. C., Ip P. (2021). Intimate partner violence before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after childbirth: A new conceptualization highlighting individual changes in violence against pregnant women over time. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260521997451","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2004.00569.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-8080(10)36533-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820802075998"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Gebelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fum korkusu ile alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 sosyal destek aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki","volume":"24","author":"G\u00fcle\u00e7 D.","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00fcle\u00e7 D., \u00d6zt\u00fcrk R., Sevil \u00dc., Kazand\u0131 M. (2014). Gebelerin ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fum korkusu ile alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 sosyal destek aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 24(1), 36\u201341.","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halim N. Beard J. Mesic A. Patel A. Henderson D. Hibberd P. (2018). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and perinatal mental disorders in low and lower middle income countries: A systematic review of literature 1990-2017. Clinical Psychology Review 66 117\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.11.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00016340500432507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10158782.2009.11441360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.srhc.2017.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/vivi.17.2.169.33647"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam J. Broidy L. Mazerolle P. Baird K. Mazumder N. (2018). Exploring intimate partner violence before during and after pregnancy in Bangladesh. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0886260518775753","DOI":"10.21428\/cb6ab371.92d9a9ed"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.274"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","first-page":"47","article-title":"Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period: A scale development and validation study","volume":"9","author":"Kitap\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu G.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kitap\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu G., Yan\u0131kkerem E., Sevil \u00dc., Y\u00fcksel D. (2008). Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period: A scale development and validation study. Journal of Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences Faculty, 9(1), 47\u201354.","journal-title":"Journal of Adnan Menderes University Health Sciences Faculty"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2013.857320"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2011.01694.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-566"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02250.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00420.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Abuse in pregnancy - the experience of women","volume":"93","author":"O\u2019Donnell S.","year":"2000","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell S., Fitzpatrick M., McKenna P. (2000). Abuse in pregnancy - the experience of women. Irish Medical Journal, 93(8), 229\u2013230.","journal-title":"Irish Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Psychosocial factors affecting various types of intimate partner violence against women","volume":"23","author":"\u00d6yek\u00e7in D. G.","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00d6yek\u00e7in D. G., Yetim D., \u015eahin E. M. (2012). Psychosocial factors affecting various types of intimate partner violence against women. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 23(2), 75\u201381.","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Violence","volume":"22","author":"Polat O.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polat O. (2016). Violence. Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Hukuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi, 22(1), 15\u201334.","journal-title":"Marmara \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Hukuk Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Dergisi"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/pmb.1-1376588340"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/ejc.8.2.93.98"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pregnant women\u2019s fear of childbirth and related factors","volume":"40","author":"\u015eahin N.","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u015eahin N., Din\u00e7 H., Di\u015fsiz M. (2009). Pregnant women\u2019s fear of childbirth and related factors. Zeynep Kamil Medical Journal, 40(2), 57\u201362.","journal-title":"Zeynep Kamil Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","first-page":"204","article-title":"Domestic violence, depression and anxiety during pregnancy","volume":"14","author":"\u015eahin S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u015eahin S., Ilcio\u011flu K., Unsal A. (2017). Domestic violence, depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing, 14(3), 204\u2013212.","journal-title":"Journal of Education and Research in Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tokophobia: When fear of childbirth prevails","volume":"1","author":"Scollato A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scollato A., Lampasona R. (2013). Tokophobia: When fear of childbirth prevails. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Pyschology, 1(1), 1\u201318.","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Pyschology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Determination of awareness of health professionals about violence during pregnancy","volume":"9","author":"\u015een S.","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u015een S., Egelio\u011flu N., Kavlak O., Sevil \u00dc. (2012). Determination of awareness of health professionals about violence during pregnancy. International Journal of Human Sciences, 9(1), 21\u201323.","journal-title":"International Journal of Human Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102011005000074"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12072"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","unstructured":"T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131. (2015). T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Kad\u0131na Y\u00f6nelik Aile \u0130\u00e7i \u015eiddet Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131.http:\/\/www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr\/KKSA-TRAnaRaporKitap26Mart.pdf. Accessed date: 10.12.2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5336\/healthsci.2019-65201"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Determination of anxieties related to delivery and postpartum period in primiparous and multiparous pregnant women","volume":"2","author":"\u00dcst Z. D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"\u00dcst Z. D., Pasinlio\u011flu T. (2015). Determination of anxieties related to delivery and postpartum period in primiparous and multiparous pregnant women. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions, 2(3), 306\u2013317.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Sciences and Professions"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12459"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674829809048501"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14687\/ijhs.v13i1.3543"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221109915","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605221109915","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221109915","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:58:14Z","timestamp":1789725494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605221109915"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605221109915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605221109915","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]}}}