{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:53:19Z","timestamp":1790815999512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"International Postdoctoral Research Scholarship Program of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey","award":["TUBITAK BIDEB 2219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TUBITAK BIDEB 2219"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Violence against women has been the subject of scientific literature in many fields and poverty has been one of the most important companions in this field. It can be found lots of empirical studies about violence against women for countries as Turkey too. However, regional considerations relating to people\u2019s socioeconomic condition have not been considered in these investigations although it has been indicated that these factors are important in terms of violence against women. Therefore, the main motivation of this study to investigate the impact of poverty on partner violence against women under the regional impacts in Turkey. The multinomial logit analysis preferred since the violence against women considered under three groups which are physical, sexual violence, and never experienced. The dataset received from the Survey on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey which was performed by Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT). This survey is performed in both 2008 and 2014\u2009years. For this study, the 2008 data is chosen as it carries the information of \u201chaving a green card\u201d which is a formal demonstration of being poor. Also, NUTS 2 (Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics) regions for Turkey are considered during the analysis. Based on the general results, the poverty status and regional effects of women, showed quite different results in terms of physical and sexual violence types. The poverty has a positive effect only on physical violence, not on sexual violence. Further, all regions have an important role on physical violence, while only less developed regions have a dominant impact on sexual violence. Also, the findings show that the intimate partners\u2019 bad habits make women more vulnerable to violence. According to the results, it can be suggested that developing policies based on regional effects and types of violence would be more effective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221119515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T02:59:25Z","timestamp":1662087565000},"page":"4906-4924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Impact of Poverty on Partner Violence Against Women Under Regional Effects: The Case of Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Anil","family":"Eralp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bolu Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-7108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sahika","family":"Gokmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Haci Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey"},{"name":"Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248630"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr2-08862605221119515","first-page":"67","volume":"5","author":"Ari E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260508327703"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.343.15139"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2009.03.008"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2872427.2883025"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811241"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519851782"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5249\/jivr.v3i1.76"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2020.100691"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605221119515","volume-title":"Econometric analysis","author":"Greene W. H.","year":"2020","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1910997"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr13-08862605221119515","first-page":"41","volume":"3","author":"Kehler J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20409\/berj.2018.133"},{"key":"bibr15-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517703372"},{"key":"bibr16-08862605221119515","volume-title":"Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables","author":"Long J. S.","year":"1997"},{"key":"bibr17-08862605221119515","volume-title":"Regression models for categorical dependent variables using data","author":"Long J. S.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr18-08862605221119515","volume-title":"National research on domestic violence against women in Turkey","author":"NEE","year":"2014"},{"key":"bibr19-08862605221119515","unstructured":"OECD. (2019). Voilence against women \u2013 Inequality. https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/social-issues-migration-health\/violence-against-women\/indicator\/english_f1eb4876-en"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr20-08862605221119515","first-page":"55","volume":"12","author":"Ogrodnik C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of International Women\u2019s Studies"},{"key":"bibr21-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519836952"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605221119515","volume-title":"Economic stress and domestic violence","author":"Renzetti C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605221119515","unstructured":"SEGE. (2003). \u0130llerin ve B\u00f6lgelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Geli\u015fmi\u015flik S\u0131ralamas\u0131. Dincer, B. \u00d6zaslan, M. & Kavasoglu, T., SEGE-2003. https:\/\/www.sanayi.gov.tr\/merkez-birimi\/b94224510b7b\/sege\/il-sege-raporlari"},{"key":"bibr24-08862605221119515","unstructured":"SEGE. (2013). \u0130llerin ve B\u00f6lgelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Geli\u015fmi\u015flik S\u0131ralamas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. SEGE-2013. https:\/\/www.sanayi.gov.tr\/merkez-birimi\/b94224510b7b\/sege\/il-sege-raporlari"},{"key":"bibr25-08862605221119515","unstructured":"SEGE. (2019). \u0130llerin ve B\u00f6lgelerin Sosyo-Ekonomik Geli\u015fmi\u015flik S\u0131ralamas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131. Acar, S., Bilen Kazancik, L., Meydan, M. C. & Isik, M., SEGE-2017. https:\/\/www.sanayi.gov.tr\/merkez-birimi\/b94224510b7b\/sege\/il-sege-raporlari"},{"key":"bibr26-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0454-3"},{"key":"bibr27-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731516662321"},{"key":"bibr28-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09614520410001686070"},{"key":"bibr29-08862605221119515","unstructured":"WHO. (2021, November). Voilence against women. Author. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/violence-against-women"},{"key":"bibr30-08862605221119515","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3347163"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221119515","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605221119515","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221119515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:17:29Z","timestamp":1777504649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605221119515"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605221119515"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605221119515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]}}}