{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:35:57Z","timestamp":1777854957910,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]],"date-time":"2022-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Interpers Violence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The current longitudinal study focused on predicting depression among spouses of former Israeli war veterans (combat veterans or ex-prisoners of war [ex-POWs]). The research examined the direct and moderating role of secondary trauma related to their husbands\u2019 war-related experiences, stress related to being exposed to intimate partner violence in their relationship, being a second-generation Holocaust (SGH) survivor, and the effects of additional stressful life events (SLEs) since the end of the war. Wives of ex-POWs and combat veterans ( N\u2009=\u2009129) participated in two time measurements. Spouses of ex-POWs were found to be at higher risk of depression and psychological violence. Psychological violence was a risk factor for depression. The three-way interaction among psychological violence, being a SGH survivor, and experiencing SLEs was significant. In addition, experiencing earlier stressful events had a protective effect. The findings suggest that the association between early exposure and additive exposure through life is a complex iteration of factors and does not necessarily follow the vulnerability perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/08862605221119523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T02:48:54Z","timestamp":1662346134000},"page":"4832-4851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predicting Depression Among Spouses of Ex-POWs: The Contribution of Exposure to Violence, Trauma, and Stress Through the Life Cycle"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4314-5384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hava","family":"Dayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Haifa, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahava","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tel-Aviv, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Dekel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bibr1-08862605221119523","first-page":"433","volume":"17","author":"Almendros C.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psicologia Conductual"},{"key":"bibr2-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.6.904"},{"key":"bibr3-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208330933"},{"key":"bibr4-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260516673628"},{"key":"bibr5-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099383"},{"key":"bibr6-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(98)00018-4"},{"key":"bibr7-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199550333.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr8-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407510361616"},{"key":"bibr9-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.6.902"},{"key":"bibr10-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.11.3.213"},{"key":"bibr11-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010418-102857"},{"key":"bibr12-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(02)00514-7"},{"key":"bibr13-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2016.11.015"},{"key":"bibr14-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.4.709"},{"key":"bibr15-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21836"},{"key":"bibr16-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2013.76.3.241"},{"key":"bibr17-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.10.013"},{"key":"bibr18-08862605221119523","volume-title":"SCL-90: Administration, scoring, and procedure manual","author":"Derogatis L. R.","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr19-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(197710)33:4<981::AID-JCLP2270330412>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"bibr20-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001439"},{"key":"bibr21-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2020.1863580"},{"key":"bibr22-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216671220"},{"key":"bibr23-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-019-00292-y"},{"key":"bibr24-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"bibr25-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509334401"},{"key":"bibr26-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015009001"},{"key":"bibr27-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0034536"},{"key":"bibr28-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.24.5.687"},{"key":"bibr29-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0037848"},{"key":"bibr30-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10615806.2015.1134788"},{"key":"bibr31-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6619-2"},{"key":"bibr32-08862605221119523","unstructured":"Hayes A. F. (2012). PROCESS: A versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. https:\/\/www.afhayes.com\/public\/process2012.pdf"},{"key":"bibr33-08862605221119523","volume-title":"Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence\u2014from domestic abuse to political terror","author":"Herman J. L.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr34-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S235864"},{"key":"bibr35-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000244"},{"key":"bibr36-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2011.07.001"},{"key":"bibr37-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2018.1531335"},{"key":"bibr38-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06990-2"},{"key":"bibr39-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jftr.12283"},{"key":"bibr40-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20157"},{"key":"bibr41-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2014.10.005"},{"key":"bibr42-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2004.08.010"},{"key":"bibr43-08862605221119523","volume-title":"The Yom Kippur War: The epic encounter that transformed the Middle East","author":"Rabinovich A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"bibr44-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2011.09.002"},{"key":"bibr45-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10566-013-9205-2"},{"key":"bibr46-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00025-2"},{"key":"bibr47-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411424740"},{"key":"bibr48-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-0606.2006.tb01622.x"},{"key":"bibr49-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020608"},{"key":"bibr50-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1988.11024407"},{"key":"bibr51-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013596"},{"key":"bibr52-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.7.865"},{"key":"bibr53-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.06.031"},{"key":"bibr54-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(199107)19:3<231::AID-JCOP2290190304>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"bibr55-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.12.2309"},{"key":"bibr56-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503254512"},{"key":"bibr57-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/351733"},{"key":"bibr58-08862605221119523","author":"Straus M. A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families"},{"key":"bibr59-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.06.006"},{"key":"bibr60-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.20.4.581"},{"key":"bibr61-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15325024.2012.679132"},{"key":"bibr62-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3182002a7c"},{"key":"bibr63-08862605221119523","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2018.1525608"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/08862605241295897","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Interpersonal Violence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221119523","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/08862605221119523","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/08862605221119523","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:17:30Z","timestamp":1777504650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/08862605221119523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/08862605221119523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08862605221119523","relation":{},"ISSN":["0886-2605","1552-6518"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0886-2605","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-6518","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,4]]}}}